Synonyms and Antonyms | Project Gutenberg (2025)

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 73237 ***

The aim in compiling this book has been to make thelist of words in common use concise yet full, andauthoritative yet suggestive. Above five thousand leadingwords are given, and the synonyms and antonyms compriseseveral thousand more different words.

Actual references may be multiplied by looking up asynonym or antonym, as well as by consulting cognatewords, such as the corresponding noun, verb, or adjective.

In some cases common words have been omitted, becausethey were composed of a root word and a prefix, intensiveor privative. Their synonyms and antonyms may be foundunder the root word.

Occasionally within the lists words closely synonymousor antonymic have been grouped within semicolons.

The part of speech of a word is designated by an abbreviationin such cases as are necessary to save confusion.

Synonyms appear immediately after the leading word; antonyms,after the abbreviation “Ant.” This order is invariable.

In the effort to make this list authoritative, the standarddictionaries and the acknowledged authorities on the subjecthave been consulted.

a.

Adjective.

ad.

Adverb.

Ant.

Antonym or Antonyms.

conj.

Conjunction.

interj.

Interjection.

n.

Noun.

p.p.

Past Participle.

prep.

Preposition.

Syn.

Synonym or Synonyms.

v.

Verb.

Abandon. Desert, leave, forsake,depart from, quit, giveup, relinquish, discontinue, abdicate,renounce, repudiate, forswear,withdraw from, vacate,surrender, retract, recant, retirefrom, cast off, abjure, cede,cease, resign, forego, yield,waive, part with, let go, laydown, evacuate, drop, deliverup.

Ant. Claim, cherish, defend,keep, hold, maintain, protect,adopt, uphold, advocate, vindicate,occupy, undertake, prosecute,pursue, follow, seek,guard, favor, retain, support,assert, haunt.

Abandoned. Discarded, rejectedand the p.p. of the syn. of“abandon”; depraved, corrupt,profligate, wicked, unprincipled,shameless, sinful, hardened, impenitent,lost, demoralized,vicious, dissolute, reprobate,graceless, obdurate, licentious,incorrigible, irreclaimable, bad.

Ant. The p.p. of the ant. of“abandon”; visited, frequented,sociable; virtuous, good, deserving,worthy, commendable,excellent, laudable; reclaimable,penitent; conscientious,correct, upright, righteous, self-controlled,high-principled,steady.

Abandonment. Desertion, renunciation,surrender, rejection,abandoning, relinquishment,dereliction; cession, resignation,abnegation, demission, abjuration,abdication, defection,abrogation.

Ant. Solicitude, care, heed,watchfulness, vigilance; hospitality,entertainment, conviviality,welcome, reception; retention,completion, reclamation,support, help, correction, custody,tenacity.

Abase. Degrade, reduce, lower,discredit, disgrace, dishonor,humble, sink, humiliate, bringlow, cast down, stoop, debase,depress, drop, take down,demean.

Ant. Elevate, exalt, honor,promote, raise, dignify, uplift,aggrandize.

Abasement. Degradation, humiliation,dishonor, degeneracy,shame, depression, reduction,lowering, fall, deterioration, debasement,degeneration, vitiation,perversion, depravation,abjection, disrepute, discredit,subserviency.

Ant. Promotion, exaltation,honor, elevation, aggrandizement,dignity, repute, reputation,standing, supremacy.

Abash. Bewilder, confound, disconcert,discompose, confuse,daunt, humble, dishearten, mortify,shame, humiliate, snub,discountenance.

2Ant. Embolden, cheer, encourage,animate, uphold, rally,countenance, inspirit, abet, incite,buoy.

Abate. Lessen, lower, reduce,diminish, moderate, decrease,decline, ebb, mitigate, subside,suppress, terminate, remove;temper, assuage, alleviate, appease,pacify; remit, allow; relax,slacken; bate, deduct;soothe, soften, qualify, allay,mollify, compose, tranquilize,quiet, quell, calm, dull, blunt;batter down, beat down, demolish,raze.

Ant. Increase, prolong, magnify,foment, enlarge, extend,aggravate, continue, develop, revive,raise, enhance, amplify.

Abatement. Subsidence, decline,lowering, reduction, decrease;allowance, discount, rebate, depreciation,drawback; moderation,lessening, mitigation, assuagement,remission, sinking,settling, waning, fading, ebb,evanishment, declension, deduction,diminution.

Ant. Increase, augmentation,enlargement, increment,accretion, development, growth,aggrandizement, dilation, accession.

Abbreviate. Shorten, contract,curtail, reduce, abridge, condense,epitomize, compress.

Ant. Lengthen, extend, elongate,dilate, expand, amplify,enlarge, produce, stretch, prolong,expatiate.

Abbreviation. Abridgment,contraction, condensation, compend,abstract, epitome, reduction,summary, curtailment,compression.

Ant. Expansion, amplification,expatiation, extension, production,enlargement, dilation.

Abdicate. Resign, relinquish office(especially of the throne),surrender, abandon, vacate,forego, renounce, give up, cede.

Ant. Retain, claim, occupy,maintain, usurp, seize, grasp.

Abdomen. Belly, paunch, ventralregion, visceral cavity.

Abduct. Take away (surreptitiouslyor forcibly), kidnap, runaway with, carry off, spiritaway, drag away.

Ant. Restore, reinstate,adduct.

Abduction. Withdrawal, drawingaway, abstraction, kidnapping,seizure, appropriation.

Ant. Adduction, replacement,restitution, restoration,surrender, reinstatement.

Aberrant. Wandering, rambling,divergent, deviating, devious,erratic; irregular, abnormal,unusual, exceptional.

Ant. Regular, true, consistent,uniform, consecutive, normal,natural, continuous.

Aberration. Wandering, divergence,irregularity, rambling,disconnectedness, hallucination,illusion, delusion, eccentricity,singularity, peculiarity.

Ant. Uniformity, consecutiveness,regularity, progression,continuity, order, type,norm.

Abet. Aid, assist, promote, support,sanction, uphold, countenance,encourage, advocate, incite,instigate, embolden, favor,foment, connive at, coöperatewith.

Ant. Hinder, impede, obstruct,frustrate, baffle, confound,counteract, deter, discourage,thwart, contradict, disconcert,disapprove, denounce,dissuade, expose.

Abettor. Assistant, helper, aid,ally, coöperator, advocate, confederate,accomplice, accessory,3adviser, promoter, instigator,associate, coadjutor.

Ant. Opponent, foe, adversary,antagonist, rival, dissuader,detector, baffler, disconcerter.

Abeyance. Suspense, suspension,expectancy, waiting, anticipation,dormancy, intermission,quiescence, suppression,expectation.

Ant. Renewal, revival, resuscitation,action, operation,exercise, force, possession.

Abhor. Hate, detest, loathe,shrink from, recoil from, shudderat, abominate, despise, dislike,eschew, nauseate, revoltat.

Ant. Crave, desire, enjoy,covet, esteem, like, love, relish,admire, approve, affect.

Abhorrent. Odious, offensive,shocking, repugnant, loathsome,revolting, horrible, repellent,repulsive, nauseating.

Ant. Admirable, enjoyable,lovely, estimable, desirable.

Abide. Wait for, await, attend;endure, tolerate, bear, suffer;anticipate, watch for, expect;bide, continue, reside, dwell, sojourn,tarry, lodge, rest, stay,inhabit, remain.

Ant. Abandon, shun; resist,reject, avoid; deport, migrate,move, journey, continue, proceed,progress.

Abiding. Lasting, continuing,permanent, durable, constant,stable, immutable, changeless,unchanging.

Ant. Ephemeral, fickle,changeable, unsubstantial, perishable.

Ability. Power, force, might,efficiency, vigor, skill, energy,dexterity, adroitness, skilfulness,cleverness, ingenuity, talent,aptitude, facility, knack,expertness, readiness, quickness,strength, capacity, qualification,competency, genius, caliber,capability, capableness,faculty, gift, parts.

Ant. Incapacity, weakness,inability, unreadiness, maladroitness,imbecility, impotence,disability, inaptitude, inefficiency,incompetence, disqualification,helplessness, stupidity,folly.

Abject. Base, vile, mean, low,despicable, contemptible, worthless,groveling, fawning, beggarly,servile, cringing, miserable,degraded, menial, ignoble.

Ant. Dignified, honorable, exalted,worthy, venerable, illustrious,independent, princely,self-assertive, self-reliant, vain,arrogant, insolent, haughty.

Abjure. Renounce, relinquish,reject, forswear, forego, repudiate,disown, give up, retract, revoke,recant, disavow, disclaim,withdraw, take back, deny,apostatize, discard.

Ant. Claim, advocate, acknowledge,profess, vindicate,assert, demand, retain, appropriate,avow.

Able. Accomplished, adroit, talented,clever, ingenious, apt,skilful, efficient, capable, fitted,learned, gifted, masterly, telling,vigorous, strong, proficient,competent, versed, practical, endowed,powerful, mighty.

Ant. Incapable, ineffective,unqualified, stupid, inept, weak,inefficient, unskilful, silly, incompetent.

Ablution. Washing, bathing,cleansing, lavation, purification,baptism.

Ant. Pollution, defilement,dirt, soilure, contamination,taint, stain, abomination, impurity.

4Abnegation. Denial, abjuration,renunciation, rejection, surrender,abandonment, disallowance,abstinence.

Ant. Assertion, vindication,license, claim, indulgence, concession;affirmation, allegation,statement, declaration, word,averment, deposition; proposal,proffer.

Abnormal. Singular, unnatural,unusual, irregular, peculiar, exceptional,aberrant, erratic,monstrous, preternatural.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual,natural, typical, customary, ordinary,common.

Aboard. On board, on the ship,afloat, inside, within.

Ant. Ashore, aground.

Abode. Home, house, place, residence,domicile, habitation,dwelling, lodging, quarters,seat.

Ant. Halt, tent, bivouac,perch.

Abolish. Abrogate, annul, destroy,repeal, revoke, suppress,terminate, rescind, cancel, nullify,suppress, overthrow, extirpate,remove, prohibit, setaside, end, stamp out.

Ant. Establish, support, sustain,cherish, confirm, continue,restore, revive, reinstate, institute,promote, legalize.

Abominable. Hateful, horrible,loathsome, abhorrent, foul, odious,offensive, detestable, impure,execrable.

Ant. Desirable, admirable,enjoyable, pleasing, pure, delectable.

Abomination. Offense, horror,shame, wickedness, abhorrence,aversion, disgust, curse, pollution,iniquity, defilement, corruption,nuisance, annoyance.

Ant. Acquisition, enjoyment,gratification, blessing, desire,longing, delight, benefit, pleasure,satisfaction.

Aboriginal. Primitive, primeval,primary, pristine, native,original, indigenous, autochthonous.

Ant. Subsequent, imported,exotic, recent, modern, late,novel, fresh, immigrant, adventitious.

Abortion. Failure, miscarriage,disappointment, non-success,vain effort, defect, frustration,blunder.

Ant. Success, consummation,completion, realization, perfection,achievement, development,exploit, feat.

Abound. Team, swarm, multiply,swell, increase, flow, luxuriate,flourish, prevail, wanton,revel, exuberate.

Ant. Waste, lack, wane, vanish,lessen, decrease, die, decay,fall.

About. Concerning, regarding,touching, relative to, with referenceto, in regard to; near,surrounding, around; almost,nearly, well-nigh; ready, on thepoint of, on the eve of; around,hind part before.

Ant. Afar, distant, remote;precisely, exactly.

Above. Overhead, aloft, on high;before, previously; higher, havingprecedence; over, exceeding,beyond, superior, excessive.

Ant. Below, beneath, within;later, subsequently; lower; less,diminished.

Aboveboard. Openly, candidly,frankly, sincerely, fairly, ingenuously,unreservedly, guilelessly.

Ant. Secretly, elusively, underhand,deceitfully, wilily.

Above-named. Named before, aforesaid, above-mentioned,5above-cited, above-described,mentioned above.

Ant. Named below, describedbelow, hereinafter named.

Abrasion. Rubbing, friction,wearing away or off, disintegration,attrition.

Ant. Accretion, augmentation,increment; supplement,reinforcement.

Abreast. Alongside, side byside, aligned; against, off, oppositeto.

Ant. Ahead, astern; behind.

Abridge. Abbreviate, shorten,condense, diminish, reduce, contract,cut down, deprive of, divestof, epitomize, compress.

Ant. Amplify, expand,spread out, extend, dilate.

Abridgment. Summary, synopsis,compend, analysis, abstract,abbreviation, epitome, outline,compendium, digest.

Ant. Amplification, expatiation,exposition, annotation,paraphrase, expansion, comment.

Abroad. Far away, distant, apart,dispersed, aloof, adrift; distracted,confused, dazed, confounded;forth, out of doors.

Ant. Near, close, collected,fast, housed; composed, poised,self-contained; within.

Abrogate. Abolish, cancel, setaside, annul, make void, overrule,invalidate, nullify, repeal.

Ant. Enact, confirm, enforce,establish, continue, revive.

Abrogation. Repeal, rescinding,annulment, abolition, revocation,voidance, cancelation,setting aside; discontinuance,disestablishment.

Ant. Enactment, institution,establishment; sanction,continuance, confirmation.

Abrupt. Sudden, unexpected,hasty, ill-timed, precipitate;steep, precipitous, craggy,rough, rugged, jagged; short,blunt, curt, unceremonious;stiff, cramped, harsh, disconnected.

Ant. Easy, gliding; polished,smooth, undulating; expected,courteous, elegant, complaisant,suave.

Abscond. Depart, steal away,decamp, bolt, disappear, runoff, hide, withdraw, retreat, escape,elope, slink or sneak off,absent one’s self.

Ant. Show, appear, emerge,issue, present one’s self.

Absence. Non-attendance, non-appearance,non-existence, absenteeism;inattention, abstraction,preoccupation, musing;want, lack, privation, defect,deficiency.

Ant. Presence, existence,manifestation, evidence, supply;attention, consideration;immanence, inherency.

Absent. Away, gone; abstracted,preoccupied, inattentive,dreaming.

Ant. Present, here; attentive,alert.

Absolute. Perfect, complete, supreme,autocratic, authoritative,commanding, independent,unrestricted, unqualified, unlimited,unconditioned, self-existent,self-determined, ideal;despotic, arbitrary, exacting,domineering, tyrannical, imperious,dictatorial, irresponsible;positive, actual, real, veritable,genuine, certain, categorical,unquestionable.

Ant. Related, responsible,conditioned, limited, qualified,restricted, accountable; ductile,humble, lenient, meek, mild,yielding, compliant, complaisant;dubious, contingent, defective,6deficient, wanting, lacking,mutilated, incomplete.

Absolution. Acquittal, remission,release, deliverance, forgiveness,pardon, shriving,shrift; indulgence, justification.

Ant. Charge, accusation, condemnation,censure, conviction;penance, purgation, fasting,flagellation.

Absolve. Acquit, clear, exonerate,forgive, free, liberate, release,pardon, set free, discharge,exempt, exculpate.

Ant. Accuse, condemn, convict,impeach, charge, compel;obligate, oblige, bind.

Absorb. Take in, consume, imbibe,swallow, suck up, exhaust;engross, engage, immerse,occupy, arrest, rivet (ofattention).

Ant. Give up, disgorge, sendout, radiate, throw off, eject;dissipate, distract, disperse.

Absorption. Absorbing, imbibing,assimilation, destruction,consumption, exhaustion; engrossment,engagement, occupation,immersion.

Ant. Ejection, rejection, expulsion,discharge; inadvertency,inattention, oversight,disregard.

Abstain. Refrain, resist, forbear,desist, deny one’s self,avoid, cease, stop, withhold,give up, relinquish.

Ant. Indulge, wanton, revel,yield to, gratify.

Abstemious. Abstinent, sober,moderate, temperate, sparing,frugal, self-denying, continent.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent,intemperate, greedy.

Absterge. Wipe off, purge,cleanse, purify, scrub, sponge,scour.

Ant. Soil, pollute, begrime,contaminate, bespatter, bedaub.

Abstersive. Cleansing, purging,purifying, scouring; detergent,cathartic.

Ant. Corruptive, contaminative,offensive.

Abstinence. Temperance, abstemiousness,self-control, self-restraint,self-denial, sobriety,fasting, continence, moderation,frugality.

Ant. Excess, intoxication,self-indulgence, sensuality,wantonness, intemperance,greed, gluttony, revelry, dissipation.

Abstinent. Abstaining, fasting;abstemious, sober, temperate,self-restraining, self-denying,continent, austere.

Ant. Sensual, self-indulgent,intemperate, epicurean, dissipated,incontinent, debauched.

Abstract, n. Epitome, summary,abridgment, compend, synopsis,syllabus, outline, digest, brief,compendium, gist, drift, contents.

Ant. Amplification, disquisition,exposition, expansion, expatiation.

Abstract, v. Appropriate, withdraw,remove, separate, takeaway, detach, purloin, part,eliminate, distract, discriminate,abridge.

Ant. Add, complete, increase,restore, unite, conjoin, fill up,strengthen, combine.

Abstracted. Separated, withdrawn,removed; subtle, refined,abstruse; inattentive, preoccupied,dreaming, absent-minded,oblivious, thoughtless, negligent,indifferent, heedless, absorbed,absent.

Ant. Intelligible, lucid, transparent;attentive, intent, observant,alert, prompt, ready,thoughtful, wide-awake.

Abstraction. Disconnection, disjunction,7removal, isolation,separation; preoccupation, revery,inattention, absorption, absence;taking, abduction, seizure,stealing, appropriation,purloining; classification, generalization.

Ant. Addition, conjunction,union, restitution, importation,restoration; enumeration, analysis;attention, specification,observation, individualization.

Abstruse. Hidden, difficult, recondite,profound, deep, curious,occult, dark, obscure, mystical,hard, vague, indefinite,mysterious, abstract, transcendental.

Ant. Patent, simple, obvious,trite, intelligible, manifest,lucid, clear, easy, plain, popular,superficial.

Absurd. Ludicrous, monstrous,nonsensical, preposterous, senseless,ridiculous, foolish, irrational,wild, unreasonable.

Ant. Sensible, rational, reasonable,logical, wise, sagacious,sound, substantial, philosophical,reflective, consistent, true.

Absurdity. Unreasonableness,irrationality, foolishness, folly,fatuity, idiocy, extravagance,drivel.

Ant. Reason, possibility;truism, axiom, maxim, adage.

Abundance. Profusion, wealth,affluence; flow, flood, overflow;copiousness, fertility, richness,largeness, store, plenty, exuberance,plenteousness.

Ant. Scarcity, deficiency,rarity, scantiness, dearth, failure,poverty.

Abundant. Abounding, flowing,plentiful, liberal, bountiful, sufficient,lavish, plenteous, much,copious, replete, full, teeming.

Ant. Rare, scarce, scant, deficient,insufficient, short, niggardly,sparing, impoverished,dry, drained.

Abuse, n. Misuse, dishonor, maltreatment,outrage, reviling, obloquy,defamation, insult, disparagement,reproach, ill usage.

Ant. Kindness, praise, deference,respect, honor, goodtreatment, good usage.

Abuse, v. Harm, ill-treat, ill-use,injure, wrong, maltreat, oppress,molest, malign, imposeon, ruin, victimize, slander, violate,ravish, defile, disparage,damage, defame, misuse.

Ant. Cherish, protect, regard,shield, respect, care for,tend, benefit; laud, favor, applaud,extol, eulogize, praise;uphold, sustain, vindicate, conserve.

Abusive. Insulting, rude, denunciatory,reproachful, injurious,offensive, reviling, insolent,scurrilous, opprobrious.

Ant. Respectful, attentive,laudatory, kind, flattering,courteous, complimentary, obsequious.

Abut. Be adjacent, extend, impinge,project, approximate, becontiguous, adjoin; end, border.

Ant. Diverge, recede, return,retreat, recurve.

Abutment. Terminal support,buttress.

Abuttal. Adjacency, contiguity,nearness, juxtaposition; boundary,terminus, limit, termination.

Ant. Interval, separation,gap, chasm, interspace, fissure,breach.

Abyss. Gulf, gorge, deep, chasm,profound, abysm; the pit.

Ant. Surface, abutment, adhesion,contact, contiguity;heaven.

Academical. Scholastic, learned,literary, collegiate, classical.

8Ant. Illiterate, ignorant,unschooled.

Academy. School, seminary, institute,college, gymnasium,high school; scientific body,association of artists.

Accede. Consent, assent, acquiesce,comply, agree, accept, concur,approve, coincide.

Ant. Decline, withdraw, refuse,demur, protest, dissent,reject.

Accelerate. Hasten, quicken,speed, precipitate, despatch, expedite,hurry, urge, push forward,press on; forward, advance,further.

Ant. Delay, impede, clog,hinder, retard, drag, obstruct.

Accent, n. Stress, beat, emphasis,rhythm, pulsation, intonation,cadence, tone, modulation, ictus.

Ant. Monotony, equableness,babble, flow, smoothness.

Accentuate, Accent, v. Laystress upon, put the ictus on;emphasize, mark, make prominent.

Ant. Make light of, makeinsignificant, underestimate, ignore.

Accept. Take, receive; admit,agree to, approve, acknowledge,avow; estimate, regard, value,construe.

Ant. Refuse, decline, reject,ignore, disown, repudiate.

Acceptable. Welcome, pleasing,grateful, gratifying, pleasant,agreeable, pleasurable, seasonable,desirable, expedient.

Ant. Unpleasant, disagreeable,annoying, grievous, ungrateful,unwelcome.

Acceptance. Reception, taking;acknowledgment, approbation,approval, satisfaction, gratification.

Ant. Rejection, refusal, repudiation,exclusion.

Acceptation. Meaning, significance,sense, import, interpretation,construction, understanding;approval, adoption,acceptance.

Access. Entrance, approach,passage, avenue, entry; admission,admittance, audience, interview;addition, increase,gain; accession; attack, onset,fit, paroxysm.

Ant. Exit, egress, departure;exclusion; repulse, recoil;retirement, retreat; quiescence,inertia, languor, torpor.

Accessary, see Accessory.

Accessible. Easy of access, approachable,affable, conversible.

Ant. Distant, cold, unapproachable,difficult.

Accession. Addition, increase,enlargement, extension, augmentation;arrival, influx; attainment(of power).

Ant. Abandonment, decrease,ebb, drain, subsidence,departure, resignation, diminution.

Accessory, n. Confederate, assistant,helper, associate, accomplice;detail, accompaniment,subordinate element;companion, partner.

Ant. Foe, rival, adversary,antagonist, opponent, enemy;principal, instigator.

Accessory, a. Assisting, aiding,abetting, helping, acceding, additional;supplemental, subservient,subsidiary, subordinate,conducive; accompanying, contributory,auxiliary.

Ant. Essential, inherent;superfluous, irrelevant.

Accident. Chance, disaster, happening,hazard, incident, misfortune,calamity, adventure,casualty, mishap, possibility.

Ant. Certainty, provision,plan, intention, appointment,9calculation, law, necessity, purpose,preparation.

Accidental. Casual, unintended,fortuitous, chance; incidental,immaterial, non-essential; occasional,contingent, adventitious.

Ant. Intended, purposed,prepared, appointed, certain.

Acclamation. Applause, cheer,outcry, homage, gratulation,salutation.

Ant. Censure, execration,denunciation, obloquy, sibilation.

Acclivity. Rise, incline, ascent,steep, hill, height.

Ant. Decline, declivity, hollow,descent, depth.

Accommodate. Oblige, serve, furnish,supply, contain, hold, convenience;adapt, reconcile, adjust,harmonize, suit, conform,arrange.

Ant. Deprive, aggravate, inconvenience,disturb, disoblige;misfit, incommode.

Accommodating. Kind, obliging,considerate, unselfish, polite,yielding, conciliatory.

Ant. Rude, churlish, disobliging,inconsiderate, exacting.

Accompany. Follow, attend,consort with, go with, escort,convoy.

Ant. Abandon, leave, quit,avoid, discard, desert.

Accomplice. Confederate, accessory,abettor, associate, ally,aid, assistant, promoter, coadjutor.

Ant. Rival, enemy, foe, adversary.

Accomplish. Complete, finish,achieve, effect, perform, carryout, attain, realize, consummate,execute, perfect, fulfil,do; equip, furnish.

Ant. Fail, mar, spoil, frustrate,defeat, disconcert, destroy.

Accomplished. Educated, experienced,practiced, finished,versed, consummate, adroit, expert,apt, skilful, talented, fine,qualified, proficient, polite, elegant;completed, effected, established.

Ant. Unskilled, unfettered,ignorant, unpolished, uncouth,inefficient, incapable, inexpert,incompetent.

Accomplishment. Execution,achievement, performance, completion;acquirement, attainment,proficiency, ornament,grace.

Ant. Failure, blunder, folly,stupidity, incompetency, mismanagement,bungling.

Accord. Agree, correspond, harmonize;grant, concede, give,yield, deign, vouchsafe, consent,answer.

Ant. Differ, disagree; withhold,deny, refuse.

Accordant. Agreeable, suitable,consonant, harmonious, congruous,agreeing, corresponding,conformable.

Ant. Adverse, inconsistent,discordant.

Accordingly. Suitably, conformably,agreeably; consequently,therefore, hence, wherefore.

Ant. Conversely, inconsistently,impertinently.

Accost. Approach, address, salute,greet, confront, speakto.

Ant. Depart, rebuff, check,repulse, shun, elude, pass, ignore.

Account, n. Record, register, inventory;bill, charge; count,calculation, enumeration; statement,description, narration, relation,narrative, recital, chronicle,history; explanation, exposition;10consideration, regard,motive, reason; importance,worth, dignity, profit, advantage,benefit.

Ant. Suppression, silence;attempt, project; misannouncement.

Account, v. Esteem, regard,deem, judge, think, hold, believe,consider, view; estimate,reckon, rate; explain, solve.

Ant. Underrate, undervalue;disesteem, misestimate; mystify,perplex, darken.

Accountable. Responsible, punishable,answerable, liable,amenable; accredited, delegated.

Ant. Independent, absolute,supreme, despotic, autocratic.

Accouter. Equip, furnish, dress,fit out, arm, array.

Ant. Despoil, impoverish,denude, strip, bare.

Accredit. Credit, authorize,trust, empower, commission, depute.

Ant. Recall, supersede, dismiss,discard; disbelieve, distrust,suspect.

Accredited. Authorized, commissioned,sanctioned; confidential,trusted, believed.

Ant. Unauthorized, distrusted,discredited.

Accretion. Growth, accumulation,adhesion, coherence, increase.

Ant. Abrasion, disintegration,diminution.

Accrue. Result, arise, issue, ensue,follow, proceed, come, increase,augment.

Ant. Cause, occasion; reduce,weaken, abate.

Accumulate. Pile, collect,gather up, bring together;store, amass, garner, treasure,husband, lay by, hoard; aggregate.

Ant. Separate, dissipate,disperse, scatter, waste, expend.

Accumulation. Collection, heap,mass, accretion, hoard, store.

Ant. Separation, segregation;unit, individual; prodigality,leakage, expenditure.

Accuracy. Exactness, precision,nicety, truth, carefulness, correctness,exactitude, fidelity.

Ant. Looseness, slovenliness,incorrectness, error, fallacy,misconception, misstatement.

Accurate. Careful, exact, faithful,precise, truthful, correct,rigorous, close, severe, just,unerring.

Ant. Inexact, faulty, inaccurate,defective, loose, careless.

Accusation. Charge, indictment,arraignment, impeachment,imputation, crimination,censure.

Ant. Discharge, acquittal,vindication, absolution, approval.

Accuse. Charge, indict, arraign,incriminate, impeach, cite, summon,tax, censure, taunt, blame,reproach.

Ant. Discharge, acquit, defend,vindicate, exonerate, pardon,absolve, condone, release.

Accustom. Habituate, use, bewonted, harden, familiarize,train, addict, drill, break in,discipline.

Ant. Estrange, wean, alienate,dishabituate.

Acerbity. Sourness, acidity,tartness, bitterness, roughness,harshness, acrimony.

Ant. Sweetness, mildness,softness, gentleness, smoothness.

Ache, n. Pain, dull or continuedpain, anguish, suffering, agony.

Ant. Pleasure, relief, ease,refreshment, delight.

11Achieve. Accomplish, perform,complete, finish, realize, bringto pass, work out, conclude; obtain,acquire, gain, win, get.

Ant. Neglect, undo, mar,omit; fail of, lose.

Achievement. Accomplishment,performance, attainment, completion,consummation; exploit,deed, feat.

Ant. Forfeit, failure, negligence,frustration, blunder.

Acknowledge. Recognize, beaware of; admit, concede, allow,accept; confess, avow; expressthanks for; own or profess.

Ant. Disclaim, disown,deny, repudiate, ignore, disavow.

Acme. Summit, zenith, climax,top, apex, vertex, pinnacle, culmination.

Ant. Base, nadir, depth,ground, foundation, foot, root.

Acquaintance. Association, familiarity;friend; intimacy,companionship, experience,knowledge, friendship, fellowship.

Ant. Ignorance, inexperience,unfamiliarity, ignoring.

Acquiesce. Assent, concur, yield,comply, submit, agree, consent.

Ant. Object, demur, dissent.

Acquire. Gain, earn, win, reap,obtain, attain, achieve, get, secure;master, learn thoroughly.

Ant. Lose, surrender, miss,forego, forfeit.

Acquit. Discharge, exonerate,release, absolve, excuse, pardon,exculpate.

Ant. Charge, condemn, sentence,compel, indict, imprison.

Acquittal. Discharge, release,deliverance, liberation, absolution.

Ant. Judgment, punishment,penalty, trial, retribution,correction, castigation.

Acrimony. Bitterness, sharpness,sourness, tartness, severity,asperity, hardness, rancor,ill-temper, spite, unkindness.

Ant. Gentleness, good nature,kindness, sweetness, courtesy.

Act, n. Deed, performance, exploit,accomplishment, achievement,effect, movement, transaction,work.

Ant. Cessation, inertia, quiescence,inaction, rest, repose,quiet, deliberation.

Act, v. Work, do, perform, execute;behave; play, feign, pretend,dissemble; operate, haveeffect; be, realize, actualize.

Ant. Rest, cease, stop, stay;neglect, omit, mar, undo; expose,reveal, vaunt; be quiescentor latent; fancy; endure, suffer.

Action. Exercise, motion, movement,deed, performance;agency, force, operation; battle,conflict; gesture; representation,play; subject, plot; lawsuit,case.

Ant. Inertia, torpor, languor;quiescence, rest, passiveness;harmony, truce, peace.

Active. Agile, brisk, alert, lively,quick, prompt, ready, spry; industrious,energetic, busy, diligent.

Ant. Dull, idle, indolent,lazy, quiet, slow, stupid.

Actual. Real, true, genuine, certain,absolute, positive, veritable,substantial; present, sensible,perceptible.

Ant. Possible, fictitious, supposititious,virtual, theoretical,hypothetical, conjectural.

Acumen. Discernment, penetration,keenness, shrewdness, insight,sharpness, sagacity,acuteness.

12Ant. Dulness, obtuseness,stupidity, bluntness.

Acute. Sharp, pointed, keen,shrewd; violent, intense; high,sudden, severe, distressing;subtile, ingenious, sagacious,discerning.

Ant. Dull, blunt, obtuse,stupid, heavy; chronic; stolid.

Adaptation. Adjustment, fitness,conformity, suitableness, aptness,harmony.

Ant. Incompatibility, incongruity,misfit, discord.

Add. Sum up, increase, adjoin,append, attach, augment, enlarge,amplify, annex, affix.

Ant. Deduct, subtract, lessen,reduce, remove, diminish.

Addicted. Habituated, disposedto, inclined, prone, attached to,devoted, given over to, weddedto.

Ant. Averse, disinclined, unaccustomed,indisposed, divorcedfrom.

Addition. Accession, enlargement,increase, extension, accretion,augmentation, adjunct.

Ant. Subtraction, decrease,diminution.

Address, n. Courtesy, manners,politeness, tact, ingenuity, dexterity,discretion, adroitness;discourse, harangue, oration,lecture, speech, appeal, request,suit, solicitation.

Ant. Clumsiness, rudeness,stupidity, unmannerliness,folly; refusal.

Address, v. Accost, approach,court, greet, hail, salute, speakto.

Ant. Avoid, elude, ignore,shun, cut, pass, overlook.

Adduce. Offer, present, advance;cite, quote, introduce, name,mention; allege.

Ant. Withdraw, except, deduct,suppress, retract.

Adept. Expert, master, proficient,genius, veteran, professor.

Ant. Novice, tyro, blunderer,inexpert.

Adequate. Equal, competent,fitted, qualified, suitable, sufficient,capable, adapted, satisfactory;proportionate, commensurate.

Ant. Inferior, poor, useless,worthless, unfit, incompetent.

Adhere. Stick, cling, cohere,hold, cleave; belong, pertain;be attached, fixed, or devoted.

Ant. Part, separate, sunder,sever, give way.

Adherence. Tenacity, attachment,constancy, fidelity, devotion,partisanship; adhesion.

Ant. Desertion, separation,disunion, unfaithfulness.

Adjacent. Near, close, bordering,adjoining, contiguous, beside.

Ant. Separate, distant, remote,detached, disconnected.

Adjourn. Postpone, delay, defer;suspend, interrupt, close,end, dissolve.

Ant. Despatch, hasten, conclude,complete, terminate, consummate.

Adjunct. Addition, appendage,accessory, aid, advantage, help;colleague, associate.

Ant. Detriment, impediment,hindrance, obstruction,detraction.

Adjure. Entreat, beseech, pray,supplicate, implore, beg; swearby.

Ant. Defy, deprecate, remonstrate,dare, expostulate,warn.

Adjustment. Arrangement, disposal;settlement, agreement,understanding; fitting, adaptation,conformity; regulation,rectification, accommodation.

Ant. Disturbance, disorder,13confusion; dissension, divergence;non-conformity.

Administer. Dispense, distribute,supply; direct, manage,control, superintend; offer,proffer, tender.

Ant. Withhold, refuse, retain;betray, mismanage; repulse,rebuff.

Admiration. Wonder, approval,love, surprise, astonishment,appreciation, reverence, highregard.

Ant. Disapproval, contempt,dislike.

Admire. Honor, esteem, approve,adore, wonder at, venerate,extol, marvel at, applaud,revere, respect.

Ant. Despise, dislike, execrate,hate, abhor, scorn, detest.

Admissible. Allowable, lawful,permissible, possible, probable.

Ant. Absurd, preposterous,improper, wrong, unlawful.

Admission. Admittance, entrance,access; avowal, acknowledgment,concession, concurrence,allowance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction,rejection, negation.

Admit. Receive; accept, acknowledge,own, confess; permit, allow,suffer.

Ant. Exclude, debar; disown,deny; dismiss, reject, repudiate.

Admonish. Advise, warn, caution,counsel, censure, rebuke,reprove; forewarn, remind, dissuade;instruct, teach, apprise,acquaint.

Ant. Encourage, urge, countenance,applaud, abet, instigate.

Admonition. Caution, warning,advice, counsel, instruction, reminder,hint, reproof, reprehension.

Ant. Applause, encouragement,incitement, urging, instigation.

Ado. Trouble, toil, labor, pains;bustle, stir, fuss, noise, turmoil.

Ant. Quiet, calm, composure,tranquillity.

Adopt. Appropriate, assume;approve, accept, support, maintain;affiliate, father.

Ant. Reject, discard; renounce,abandon, disclaim; disown,repudiate.

Adoration. Worship, devotion,homage, reverence, veneration,idolatry.

Ant. Execration, disesteem,abomination, abhorrence, hatred,detestation.

Adorn. Beautify, decorate, embellish,ornament, garnish, illustrate,gild, bedeck, grace,dignify, honor, exalt.

Ant. Mar, spoil, deface, disfigure,deform, denude, strip.

Adroit. Dexterous, expert, skilful,apt, handy, quick, clever,ready, deft, ingenious, cunning.

Ant. Clumsy, unskilful,awkward, bungling, unhandy,maladroit.

Adulation. Flattery, extravagantcompliment, fulsomepraise, fawning, sycophancy,blandishment, obsequiousness.

Ant. Defamation, obloquy,ridicule, satire, sarcasm, detraction,aspersion, libel.

Adumbrate. Shadow, outline,indicate, hint, trace, delineate;typify, represent, symbolize;darken, obscure, hide, conceal.

Ant. Fulfil, realize, embody;misrepresent; reveal, illumine.

Advance, n. Progress, improvement,growth; offer, proposal,overture, tender, proposition;rise, appreciation.

14Ant. Regress, return, retrogression;diminution; depreciation.

Advance, v. Push or send forward,propel; promote, elevate,dignify, exalt; improve,strengthen, benefit; propose,offer; furnish, lend, loan; increase,augment, raise; proceed,progress; thrive, prosper;accelerate.

Ant. Retard, hinder, withhold,withdraw; suppress, degrade,depress; oppose, recall,weaken, retreat; lessen, diminish.

Advantage. Benefit, profit, expediency,favorable opportunity,blessing; behalf, account, interest;privilege, convenience,assistance, utility, service.

Ant. Loss, disappointment,frustration, difficulty, dilemma.

Advent. Approach, coming, arrival,accession.

Ant. Departure, exit, exodus,retirement.

Adventitious. Accidental, incidental,extrinsic, non-essential,foreign, casual; redundant, superfluous.

Ant. Intrinsic, pertinent,regular, proper, necessary, appropriate.

Adventure. Chance, hazard,risk, venture, experiment, trial;event, incident, occurrence, contingency,crisis.

Ant. Matter-of-fact, matter-of-course;prospect; monotony,routine.

Adventurous. Bold, daring, venturesome,rash, reckless, headlong;dangerous, perilous, uncertain;fearless, enterprising.

Ant. Timid, nervous, hesitating,cautious, cowardly.

Adversary. Foe, enemy, antagonist,opponent, rival, assailant.

Ant. Ally, helper, assistant,accomplice, aider, abettor, accessory.

Adverse. Opposite, contrary,conflicting; hostile, injurious,harmful; unlucky, unfortunate,disastrous.

Ant. Favorable, friendly,propitious, fortunate, lucky.

Adversity. Calamity, affliction,trouble, disaster, woe, distress,suffering.

Ant. Success, prosperity, advancement,good luck.

Advert to. Consider, notice, remark,heed, attend, refer, allude,mention, touch upon; regard.

Ant. Ignore, pass, drop,overlook, omit.

Advertent. Mindful, regardful,attentive, watchful, observant,thoughtful, considerate, heedful.

Ant. Thoughtless, heedless,inconsiderate, inattentive.

Advertise. Announce, publish,proclaim, declare, circulate,noise abroad; offer for sale; inform,notify, apprise; promulgate.

Ant. Suppress, ignore, hush,conceal; mislead, misinform.

Advice. Counsel, suggestion, admonition,instruction, caution;tidings, intelligence, notice; deliberation,care, forethought;recommendation, exhortation,information.

Ant. Remonstrance, restraint,expostulation, prohibition;deception, delusion.

Advisable. Judicious, expedient,politic, prudent, desirable,beneficial, profitable; proper,fitting.

Ant. Imprudent, undesirable,inexpedient, improper, detrimental.

Advocate. Counsel, lawyer, attorney;15defender, promoter,friend, patron, supporter,pleader, maintainer.

Ant. Accuser, impugner,gainsayer, adversary, opponent.

Affable. Open, free, frank, unreserved;accessible, familiar;cordial, social, courteous, polite,obliging, urbane, benign, gracious,mild, well-bred; condescending.

Ant. Distant, unapproachable,inaccessible, haughty, contemptuous,supercilious.

Affair. Business, concern, function,matter, circumstance,question, subject; event, incident,occurrence, performance;battle, combat, engagement,skirmish, collision, brush, encounter.

Ant. Detail, item, feature,point.

Affect. Influence, change, transform,modify, alter; concern,interest, touch, move, impress;crave, yearn, desire, like; assume,adopt, feign, pretend;operate, act on; melt, soften,subdue, overcome.

Ant. Shun, repel, repudiate,spurn, dislike, eschew.

Affectation. Airs, mannerism,pretension, pretense, foppery,display.

Ant. Simplicity, artlessness,naturalness, genuineness.

Affection. Feeling, passion, attachment,fondness, tenderness,love; propensity, disposition;endearment, devotion, partiality;attribute, quality, characteristic,mark.

Ant. Indifference, repulsion,disaffection, repugnance.

Affiance. Trust, confidence, homage,reliance, betrothal, fealty,faith, plighting.

Ant. Disloyalty, distrust,treason, suspicion, infidelity.

Affiliate. Associate, adopt, join,connect, incorporate, annex.

Ant. Sever, transplant, separate,disjoin, dissociate.

Affinity. Relationship, kin, consanguinity,propinquity; likeness,resemblance, relation, analogy,connection, correspondence;sympathy, attraction.

Ant. Repugnance, discordance,antipathy, antagonism.

Affirm. Assert, swear, state, declare,maintain, allege, protest,confirm, ratify, approve, endorse,aver, asseverate, assure,avouch, establish.

Ant. Deny, doubt, demur,contradict, negative, gainsay,impugn, oppose, dispute.

Affirmation. Avowal, declaration,statement, assertion, testimony,deposition, confirmation,ratification, approval, endorsement.

Ant. Doubt, denial, contradiction,disputation, disapproval.

Affix. Join, annex, attach,fasten, connect to, unite to, append.

Ant. Remove, detach, separate,unfasten.

Affliction. Adversity, misfortune,grief, sorrow, distress,tribulation, disaster, trial, misery,calamity, pain, anguish,trouble, hardship.

Ant. Consolation, relief,blessing, gratification, pleasure.

Affluence. Wealth, fortune,riches, opulence, abundance,plenty, profusion.

Ant. Want, scarcity, poverty,penury, lack, indigence.

Afford. Supply, furnish, contribute,bestow, offer, confer,bear, endure, support, yield, impart,administer.

Ant. Withhold, deny, retain,stint, grudge, withdraw.

16Affray. Quarrel, tussle, scuffle,scrimmage, collision, brawl, disturbance,fight, rumpus, struggle,contest, strife, encounter,feud, tumult.

Ant. Peace, amity, friendship,good will.

Affront. Outrage, insult, abuse,annoyance, displeasure, offense,provocation, wrong, vexation,wound, exasperation, irritation.

Ant. Courtesy, homage,amends, compliment, apology.

Afire. Ablaze, burning, ignited,aflame.

Ant. Out, quenched, extinguished.

Afloat. Adrift, at sea, abroad,loose; happening, betiding,brewing.

Ant. Moored, anchored,aground, stranded, fixed, steadfast,firm.

Afoot. Afloat, preparing, forthcoming,ready, brewing, onhand, astir.

Ant. Unprepared, unprovidedfor, inactive, sluggish,latent.

Aforesaid. Above-mentioned,foregoing, preceding, abovenamed.

Ant. Following, subsequent,subjoined, forthcoming, after-cited.

Afraid. Fearful, timid, apprehensive,anxious, alarmed, terrified,frightened.

Ant. Fearless, bold, confident,reckless, venturesome, indifferent,secure, hopeful, audacious.

Afresh. Anew, again, newly, frequently,repeatedly, once more.

Ant. Uniformly, connectedly,continuously.

After. Subsequent, later; following,behind, rear, back, posterior;concerning, about, for,in relation to; in imitation of,in the pattern of.

Ant. Before, preceding, introducing;in front of; opposite;facing; previous or priorto, afore; in advance; previously,already.

Again. Anew, afresh, repeatedly;further, moreover, besides; onthe contrary; back, in answeror restitution, in return; oncemore.

Ant. Once, continuously, uninterruptedly,uniformly.

Against. Opposite, across, adverseto, counter to, athwart;facing, fronting, close up to, incontact with; for, in preparationfor, in expectation of; incompensation for, in requitalof, to match.

Ant. With, for, beside, accompanying,aiding, promoting.

Agape. Yawning, open-mouthed;wondering, gazing, dazed,amazed; curious, inquisitive,agog, astare, eager.

Ant. Listless, lukewarm, incurious,indifferent.

Age. Duration; period, date,epoch, time; maturity, generation;era, century.

Ant. Infancy, youth, boyhood,childhood; moment, instant.

Agent. Actor, doer, operator,promoter, performer; cause,force, power; deputy, factor,attorney, representative, substitute;means, instrument.

Ant. Counteragent, counteractor,opponent, neutralizer;chief, principal; originator, inventor.

Agglomeration. Accumulation,heap, pile, mass, conglomeration,cluster.

Ant. Dispersion, division,separation, sifting, dissipation.

Aggrandize. Exalt, honor, elevate,17dignify, promote, advance,enrich, augment.

Ant. Degrade, impoverish,debase, humiliate, dishonor,lower.

Aggravate. Exasperate, provoke,wound, make worse, intensify,embitter, heighten.

Ant. Soothe, assuage, palliate,diminish, conciliate, alleviate.

Aggregation. Collection, accumulation,mass, heap, pile,amount, total, sum, result,whole, agglomeration.

Ant. Dispersion, dissipation,separation, division; unit;element, individual, ingredient,item.

Aggression. Attack, invasion,encroachment, assault, injury,offense, onslaught, provocation,intrusion.

Ant. Retaliation, repulsion,retreat, resistance, evacuation.

Aghast. Dismayed, horrified,terrified, frightened; amazed,astounded, startled, astonished,dumfounded.

Ant. Cool, fearless, indifferent,unmoved, unaffected, unexcited.

Agile. Nimble, active, lively,smart, prompt, alert, supple,brisk, quick, ready, sprightly,spry.

Ant. Slow, heavy, clumsy,bulky, awkward, inert, ponderous.

Agitate. Disturb, trouble, shake,jar, convulse; excite, rouse, ferment;fluster, hurry, disconcert;discuss, controvert, debate,examine, ventilate, investigate;deliberate, contrive, devise,plan.

Ant. Calm, allay, pacify,smooth, compose, quiet; solve,determine, settle.

Ago. Past, gone, since.

Ant. Future, coming, hereafter,hence.

Agony. Anguish, torture, torment,distress, throe, pangs,pain, suffering, woe, excruciation.

Ant. Assuagement, comfort,relief, composure, ease, enjoyment.

Agree. Accept, assent, approve,comply, consent, concur, admit,accede.

Ant. Contend, disagree, deny;dissent, dispute, protest, oppose,demur, differ; decline.

Agreeable. Suitable, proper, appropriate,befitting, accordant,conformable, consonant, welcome,amiable, pleasing, gratifying.

Ant. Unpleasant, disobliging,obnoxious, disagreeable, unwelcome,offensive, inharmonious,unaccommodating.

Agreement. Contract, compact,bond, bargain, covenant, harmony,liaison, obligation, undertaking,treaty.

Ant. Promise, understanding,parole; discord, dissension.

Agriculture. Farming, husbandry,cultivation of the soil,tillage.

Ant. Fallowness, sterility,unproductiveness, waste.

Aground. Ashore, stranded, notafloat; exhausted in resources.

Ant. Afloat, loose, abroad,adrift; flush.

Ahead. In front, forward, onward,in advance.

Ant. Abaft, astern, back, behind,aft.

Aid. Help, support, assist, serve,befriend, minister to, relieve,succor; supply, give alms to;foster, protect, encourage, favor.

Ant. Oppose, discourage,thwart, baffle, deter, confront.

18Ailing. Sick, ill, indisposed, unwell,feeble, infirm, weakly,delicate, unhealthy, pining.

Ant. Well, healthy, energetic,strong, vigorous.

Ailment. Disease, malady, indisposition,distemper, complaint.

Ant. Health, sanity, convalescence,vigor, recovery.

Aim. Direction, course, tendency,bent, proclivity, bearing; intention,purpose, design, scheme;reason; view, scope, drift, mark,goal, point; endeavor, attempt,aspiration, determination.

Ant. Deviation, divergence,deflection, digression, aberration;tangent; venture, leap,fluke, chance, hazard, speculation;neglect, avoidance, carelessness,oversight.

Air. Atmosphere, gas; breeze,vapor, zephyr, wind; weather;appearance, aspect, manner,sort, style, way, behavior, carriage,bearing, expression, look,demeanor, mien, fashion; tune.

Airy. Aërial, thin, rare, ethereal;light, subtle, sublimated;sprightly, buoyant, vivacious,volatile, jolly, jovial, light-hearted;graceful, lithe, pliant,flexible, showy, jaunty, flaunting,garish; windy, empty.

Ant. Thick, ponderous, heavy,inert, clumsy, dull, sluggish,wooden, slow, cheerless, sullen,doleful, leaden, lugubrious.

Akin. Related, allied, homogeneous,cognate, similar, congenial,sympathetic.

Ant. Foreign, alien, hostile,heterogeneous, dissimilar.

Alacrity. Readiness, briskness,activity, quickness, willingness,promptness, compliance, cheerfulness,eagerness, gaiety, agility.

Ant. Slowness, reluctance,repugnance, aversion, refusal,shrinking, recoil, disinclination.

Alarm. Summons, tocsin, distresssignal, war-cry; fear, terror,apprehension, consternation,dismay, dread, affright.

Ant. Lullaby; confidence,quiet, composure, assurance,courage.

Alert. Lively, prompt, ready,prepared, vigilant, wide-awake,bustling, active, brisk, nimble,watchful, sprightly, agile.

Ant. Slow, lazy, absent, oblivious,sluggish, dilatory,drowsy.

Alien, n. Foreigner, stranger.

Ant. Citizen, countryman,native, naturalized person.

Alien, a. Strange, foreign, hostile,remote, distant, contrasted,contrary, unlike, unconnected.

Ant. Pertinent, essential;domesticated, naturalized; germane,akin, appropriate.

Alienation. Estrangement, transfer,conveyance, disaffection,variance, rupture, breach; (relatingto the mind) insanity,aberration, delusion, lunacy, delirium,mania, imbecility.

Ant. Confederacy, coalition,alliance, league, union; sanity,soundness, sobriety, rationality.

Alight. Perch, settle, drop, lodge;dismount, descend.

Ant. Soar, spring, ascend,start, mount.

Alike. Similar, kindred, same,resembling, equivalent, homogeneous,identical, analogous, uniform,akin, allied.

Ant. Different, unequal, dissimilar,unlike, heterogeneous,distinct, various.

Aliment. Food, nourishment,subsistence, fare, diet, regimen,nutriment, viands, meat, sustenance.

Ant. Poison, bane; starvation,19exhaustion; venom,scourge.

Alive. Living, quick, subsisting,animate, alert, active,breathing; sensitive, susceptible;operative; cheerful, joyous;brisk.

Ant. Dead, defunct, lifeless,deceased; inanimate, dull; departed,cold; dispirited.

All, n. Whole, totality.

Ant. Part, piece, share, portion.

All, a. Whole, entire, complete,total; each, every.

Ant. Some, part.

Allay. Repress, restrain, check,subdue, silence, still, hush,soothe, compose, calm, appease,lull, alleviate, mitigate, solace,abate, relieve, palliate.

Ant. Aggravate, arouse, excite,stir, kindle, fan, provoke.

Allege. Declare, affirm, claim,maintain, state, asseverate;advance, aver, introduce; profess,cite.

Ant. Contradict, gainsay,refute, deny, disprove, quash.

Allegiance. Fealty, loyalty, devotion,homage, faithfulness,obedience.

Ant. Treason, rebellion, sedition,disloyalty, disaffection.

Allegory. Parable, fable, myth,story, tale, apologue, metaphor,illustration, simile.

Ant. History, fact, narrative,chronicle, record.

Alleviate. Abate, mitigate, reduce,relieve, lessen, assuage, remove,soften, moderate, lighten.

Ant. Augment, increase,heighten, intensify, magnify, aggravate,enhance, embitter.

Alliance. Connection, relationship,affinity; confederacy,league, union, treaty, co-partnership,coalition; affiliation, similarity.

Ant. Separation, estrangement,divorce; antagonism, disruption,enmity, hostility,schism, secession.

Allot. Divide, apportion, distribute,deal out, dispense; assign,grant, give, appoint, destine.

Ant. Refuse, retain, misdeal,deny, confiscate, appropriate,seize, withhold.

Allow. Grant, own, confess, admit;permit, let, authorize;suffer, tolerate, endure; yield,give, grant; approve, sanction,abate, remit.

Ant. Protest, refuse, deny,disapprove, forbid, disallow,reject, withstand, resist.

Allowance. Leave, permission,sanction, approval; admission,acknowledgment, assent; commission;qualification, exception; ration.

Ant. Refusal, disapproval,denial; ratification, confirmation.

Alloy, n. Admixture, adulteration,deterioration, debasement,disparagement, drawback.

Ant. Genuineness, enhancement,purity, integrity.

Allude. Intimate, insinuate,point, refer, suggest, signify,hint, imply, indicate, mention.

Ant. Demonstrate, specify,declare.

Allure. Decoy, entice, coax, attract,tempt, inveigle, seduce.

Ant. Dissuade, repel, warn,chill, damp, drive away, deter,alarm, terrify.

Allusion. Hint, suggestion, intimation,reference, implication,innuendo.

Ant. Mention, demonstration,specification.

Ally, n. Assistant, helper, aider,friend, associate, colleague,partner, accessory, accomplice.

20Ant. Opponent, adversary,foe, enemy, antagonist.

Aloft. Above, skyward, heavenward,overhead, in the air.

Ant. Beneath, earthward,below.

Alone. Solitary, sole, single,isolated.

Ant. Accompanied, associated.

Along. Lengthwise, onward, forward;together, beside, simultaneously.

Ant. Across, sidewise orsideways, lateral; apart, tandem.

Aloof. Apart, distant, away,off.

Ant. Close, near, together,unitedly.

Aloud. Distinctly, audibly, vociferously,clamorously, sonorously.

Ant. Softly, silently, inaudibly.

Also. As well, likewise, too, similarly,withal, besides, in addition,in like manner.

Ant. Nevertheless, notwithstanding,on the contrary, but,yet, in spite of, on the otherhand.

Alter. Change, turn, vary, modify,shift, substitute, remodel,transform, convert.

Ant. Conserve, perpetuate,preserve, arrest, solidify, retain.

Alteration. Change, variation,modification, shifting, mutation.

Ant. Changelessness, identity,fixity, permanence.

Altercation. Dispute, contention,controversy, difference,quarrel, wrangle, dissension.

Ant. Concord, agreement,compromise, reconciliation,unanimity, harmony, consonance.

Alternate. Reciprocal, everyother one, one after another, inturn, interchangeable, mutual.

Ant. Continuous, successive,consequent, proximate, sequent.

Alternative. Choice, option,preference, election, pick, resource.

Ant. Compulsion, quandary,necessity; fixity, changelessness.

Although. Albeit, even if, supposing,grant that.

Ant. Yet, notwithstanding.

Altitude. Height, elevation, loftiness,ascent, eminence.

Ant. Depth, declivity, descent,abasement.

Altogether. Collectively, conjointly,wholly, quite, completely,totally, utterly, entirely,thoroughly, fully, in the mass.

Ant. Partially, piecemeal,by instalments, partly, incompletely,by halves, wanting; individually,separately.

Altruism. Philanthropy, unselfishness,public spirit, devotionto others, self-sacrifice, self-forgetfulness,generosity.

Ant. Selfishness, self-indulgence,worldliness, meanness;egoism.

Always. Ever, forever, eternally,for aye, evermore, everlastingly,perpetually; uniformly,invariably, generally,habitually.

Ant. Now, momently, instantly,suddenly; sometimes,occasionally.

Amalgamate. Mix, commingle,unite, combine, blend, compound,incorporate, join, fuse,consolidate.

Ant. Disintegrate, decompose,disperse, separate, dissipate,analyze.

Amaranthine. Of the amaranth;fadeless, imperishable, undying,21immortal, perennial; purplish,amethystine.

Ant. Ephemeral, perishable,mortal, fading.

Amass. Accumulate, heap up,collect, gather, hoard, storeup.

Ant. Disperse, divide, scatter,spend, squander, waste, dissipate;portion, distribute, parcel.

Amateur. Lover, votary, devotee;beginner, neophyte, novice,tyro, dilettante.

Amazement. Astonishment, bewilderment,wonder, marvel,stupefaction, confusion, perplexity,awe.

Ant. Anticipation, calmness,coolness, familiarity, preparation,stoicism, self-possession,steadiness, composure.

Amazing. Astonishing, astounding,wonderful, surprising, marvelous,prodigious, strange, miraculous,stupendous, extraordinary.

Ant. Common, familiar, trivial,commonplace, frequent,hackneyed, usual, customary.

Ambagious. Winding, devious,sinuous; tortuous, indirect, evasive,circuitous; diffuse, dull,tedious; dubious, enigmatical,vague.

Ant. Direct, straight, frank,open, simple, straightforward,plain, clear, lucid, unmistakable.

Ambassador. Minister, envoy,legate, deputy, plenipotentiary.

Ambient. Surrounding, encompassing,enfolding, circling, investing.

Ant. Penetrating, infiltrating,permeating, intervening.

Ambiguous. Doubtful, dubious,uncertain, indefinite, vague, obscure,indistinct, equivocal, enigmatical.

Ant. Obvious, plain, clear,lucid, unmistakable.

Ambition. Emulation, rivalry,aspiration, competition, opposition.

Ant. Contentment, moderation,indifference, satisfaction.

Amelioration. Amendment, improvement,promotion, bettering,elevation.

Ant. Degeneration, deterioration,injury, detriment.

Amenable. Liable, responsible,answerable, accountable; open,impressible, pliant, docile.

Ant. Obstinate, irresponsible,independent, autocratic.

Amend. Improve, mend, repair,ameliorate, reform, correct,rectify.

Ant. Harm, corrupt, spoil,debase, aggravate.

Amends. Compensation, atonement,expiation, recompense, indemnity.

Ant. Insult, injury, fault,offense.

Amenity. Softness, mildness,suavity, gentleness, refinement,amiability.

Ant. Austerity, ungraciousness,discourtesy, moroseness.

Amiable. Agreeable, gentle, good-natured,pleasing, winsome, attractive,charming, lovable.

Ant. Crusty, hateful, sullen,surly, crabbed, cruel, unlovely,gruff, disagreeable, ill-tempered.

Amicable. Cordial, kind, friendly,harmonious, peaceable, propitious,favorable, sociable, amiable.

Ant. Unkind, cold, distant,hostile, adverse, unfriendly.

Amid. Among, between, in themidst of, betwixt, surroundedby.

Ant. Outside, without, beyond,afar from, away from.

22Amiss. Wrong, improper, faulty,incorrect, inaccurate, inopportune.

Ant. Correct, right, faultless,perfect, effective, true.

Amount, n. Sum, total, aggregate,whole; effect, substance,purport.

Ant. Portion, instalment,part; failure, deficiency.

Ample. Liberal, large, spacious,plentiful, copious, lavish, exuberant,bountiful, generous.

Ant. Niggardly, stingy, scant,mean, narrow, insufficient.

Amplify. Augment, enlarge, expand,expatiate, increase, develop,widen, dilate, extend.

Ant. Abbreviate, condense,reduce, abridge, amputate, epitomize,summarize.

Amusement. Diversion, sport,play, fun, entertainment, merriment,pastime, game, frolic,relaxation.

Ant. Weariness, disgust, satiety,tedium, monotony, strenuosity.

Analogy. Likeness, relation, resemblance,similitude, comparison.

Ant. Unlikeness, incongruity,disproportion, disagreement.

Analysis. Separation, dissection,investigation, partition.

Ant. Synthesis, composition,aggregation, combination, coherence.

Anarchy. Misrule, disorder, lawlessness,violence, confusion.

Ant. Law, order, government,control, organization, subjection.

Anatomy. Analysis, dissection;skeleton; dismemberment.

Ant. Synthesis, organization,union, construction; body.

Ancient. Old, antique, antiquated,obsolete, primeval, aged.

Ant. Modern, young, fresh,new, juvenile, upstart.

Ancillary. Auxiliary, helping,instrumental; subsidiary, subordinate,subservient.

Ant. Alien, adverse, redundant,obstructive, impertinent,irrelative, counteractive.

Angelic. Seraphic, celestial, pure,ethereal, adorable, rapturous,heavenly, divine, spiritual.

Ant. Demoniac, demoniacal,diabolical, hellish, fiendish, foul.

Anger. Fury, ire, offense, passion,choler, indignation, rage,temper, vexation, displeasure,animosity, wrath, resentment.

Ant. Patience, self-control,self-restraint, forbearance, leniency,mildness, forgiveness,giveness, charity, love.

Angry. Provoked, indignant, exasperated,irritated, wrathful,furious, resentful, mad, passionate,sulky, piqued, galled.

Ant. Calm, unresentful,peaceful, self-controlled, good-tempered,forgiving, lenient.

Anguish. Agony, torture, torment,pang, acute distress, extremesuffering.

Ant. Ease, pleasure, relief,solace, assuagement, ecstasy.

Animal. Brute, beast, living organism,sentient being; fauna.

Ant. Man; vegetable; angel;inanimate object, substance;soul, spirit.

Animate. Enliven, vivify,quicken, invigorate, revive,stimulate, waken, rouse, excite,provoke, encourage, inspire,elate.

Ant. Deaden, discourage, deter,depress, dishearten, stifle.

Animation. Life, vitality, spirit,vivacity, energy, exhilaration,sprightliness, courage, force,buoyancy, vigor, liveliness.

Ant. Dulness, deadness,23spiritlessness, inertness, stolidity.

Animosity. Hatred, enmity,malignity, antipathy, aversion,acrimony, strife, bitterness, hostility,dissension, malice, anger.

Ant. Congeniality, unanimity,friendship, companionship,harmony, concord, regard, alliance,kindness, sympathy.

Annals. Chronicles, records, registers,rolls, archives.

Ant. Romance, tradition,hearsay, legend, lays.

Annex. Add, affix, attach, adjoin,append, subjoin, tag, join,unite, connect.

Ant. Detach, disconnect,withdraw, separate, remove, disengage.

Annihilation. Extermination,obliteration, eradication, destruction;non-existence; oblivion,non-being, eternal blank;Nirvana.

Ant. Perpetuation, immortality;genesis, evolution, development.

Annotation. Note, comment, remark,observation, gloss, scholium,explanation, illustration,elucidation.

Ant. Narrative, text, assertion,proposition, statement.

Announce. Proclaim, publish, report,herald, make known, state,reveal, tell, declare, communicate,promulgate, circulate,enunciate.

Ant. Suppress, secrete, hide,cover up, conceal, bury, withhold.

Announcement. Notice, proclamation,declaration, advertisement,notification, manifesto,promulgation.

Ant. Suppression, concealment,secrecy, equivocation, ambiguity,insinuation.

Annoyance. Trouble, discomfort,vexation, torment, infliction,nuisance, irritation.

Ant. Gratification, delight,ease, pleasure, relief.

Annual, n. Yearly publication,year-book, annals; plant livingbut a year.

Ant. Perennial, biennial, triennial;exotic.

Annul. Cancel, abrogate, recall,repeal, revoke, countermand, reverse,rescind, abolish, nullify,supersede, invalidate.

Ant. Conserve, confirm,maintain, enact, establish.

Anomalous. Abnormal, unnatural,irregular, peculiar, exceptional,aberrant, unusual, singular,eccentric, erratic.

Ant. Normal, regular, usual,ordinary, common, wonted.

Anon. Soon, shortly, forthwith,immediately, instantly, directly,ere long; afterward, presently,again.

Ant. Herewith, now; already,previously.

Anonymous. Nameless, unacknowledged,of unknown authorship.

Ant. Identified, authorized,authenticated, attested, signed.

Answer, v. Reply, rejoin, respond;be accountable, responsible,or liable, go surety; correspond,be similar; do, serve,suit, pass; refute, defend; satisfy,fulfil.

Ant. Challenge, defy, question,interrogate, query, summon.

Answerable. Refutable, responsible,amenable, liable, accountable;corresponding, correlative,suitable, proportionate.

Ant. Independent, irresponsible,irrefutable; unsuitable,dissimilar, different.

Antagonism. Opposition, contradiction,24hostility, animosity,enmity.

Ant. Amity, alliance, association.

Antecedent, a. Preceding, previous,prior, foregoing, anterior,precursory.

Ant. Subsequent, posterior,sequent, following.

Antedate. Date before the truetime; anticipate, forestall, foretaste.

Ant. Postdate, follow, succeed,supervene.

Anticipate. Forestall, expect,foretaste, antedate, forecast, apprehend,hope for, look forwardto.

Ant. Postdate, follow; reflectupon, recall, recollect, remember;despair of, doubt,dread, fear.

Anticipation. Expectation, prospect,hope, trust, contemplation,abeyance, foreboding, apprehension,presentiment; prescience,prevision, forethought.

Ant. Realization, consummation,despair, enjoyment, surprise,doubt, dread, wonder,fear.

Antipathy. Repugnance, repulsion,aversion, detestation, abhorrence,hatred, hostility,loathing.

Ant. Attraction, affinity,congeniality, sympathy, harmony.

Antiquated. Quaint, obsolete,bygone, ancient, archaic, old-fashioned.

Ant. Modern, modish, new,recent, stylish, fashionable,fresh.

Antiquity. Ancient times, eld,early days; ancients, people ofearly days; great age; (pl.)relics of ancient days, archeology.

Ant. Modernity; futurity,eventuality, posterity; the present,to-day.

Anxiety. Perplexity, apprehension,care, concern, solicitude,worry, dread, trouble, foreboding,misgiving, eagerness, diffidence.

Ant. Ease, confidence, contentment,apathy, acquiescence,calmness, nonchalance, assurance.

Apathy. Stoicism, calmness,composure, lethargy, unconcern,indifference, insensibility,immobility, quietude, phlegm,stillness.

Ant. Fury, frenzy, susceptibility,sensitiveness, anxiety,excitement, agitation, feeling,passion, vehemence, emotion.

Ape, v. Mimic, imitate, counterfeit,copy, affect, personate,represent.

Ant. Vary, modify, change.

Aperture. Opening, hole, gap,rift, chasm, loophole, orifice,cleft.

Ant. Closure, blank wall;seclusion, imperviousness.

Apex. Acme, vertex, pinnacle,summit.

Ant. Base, nadir, foot, root.

Aphorism. Adage, maxim, proverb,saying, dictum, apothegm,saw.

Ant. Lecture, disquisition,discourse, sermon.

Apiece. Each, individually, severally,distributively, separately.

Ant. Together, collectively,synthetically, in the aggregate.

Apocalyptic. In or from “TheRevelation of St. John theDivine”; prophetic, mystical,mysterious; manifesting, revealing,unveiling.

Ant. Concealing, obscuring,shrouding, eclipsing.

25Apocryphal. Unauthentic, uncanonical,legendary, fictitious,false, equivocal, doubtful, spurious.

Ant. Palpable, authorized,accepted, authentic, genuine,current, verified, attested.

Apology. Plea, excuse, defense,confession, acknowledgment,justification, vindication, explanation,extenuation.

Ant. Charge, censure, imputation,condemnation, insult,complaint, offense, wrong.

Apostate. Renegade, turncoat,backslider, deserter, pervert,traitor.

Ant. Adherent, supporter,zealot, dogmatist, fanatic.

Apothegm. Saying, dictum,proverb, aphorism, precept, byword.

Ant. Sermon, discourse, tirade,harangue.

Appall. Terrify, frighten, dismay,shock, daunt, alarm, affright.

Ant. Reassure, embolden.

Apparel. Clothes, dress, raiment,attire, costume, habit,guise, garments, robes,vesture, wardrobe, equipment,trappings.

Ant. Nudity, deshabille,rags, tatters.

Apparent. Seeming, probable,likely, obvious, conspicuous,manifest, clear, patent, evident,plain, legible, specious.

Ant. Real, hidden, dubious,improbable, doubtful, unimaginable,unsupposable, minute.

Appeal. Address, invoke, entreat,implore, supplicate, sue,petition.

Ant. Protest, defy, abjure,disdain, deprecate, repudiate.

Appearance. Semblance, look,show, pretense, guise, fashion;arrival, advent, apparition; demeanor,air, complexion, manner.

Ant. Disappearance, evanition,departure, vanishing.

Appease. Calm, pacify, soothe,quell, mollify, mitigate, lull;propitiate, placate, satisfy, reconcile.

Ant. Aggravate, exasperate,provoke, inflame, incense, excite.

Appellation. Epithet, title, description,designation, name.

Ant. Anonymousness, namelessness.

Appendage, Appendix. Attachment,addition, adjunct,supplement.

Ant. Main body, original,whole, total.

Appertain. Belong, inhere, adhere,regard, concern, touch, relate.

Ant. Be remote, far-fetched,or forced, have no bearing upon.

Appetite. Longing, craving, desire,relish, gust, zest, liking.

Ant. Aversion, loathing, repugnance,antipathy, disgust.

Applause. Praise, approbation,commendation, compliment,plaudit, acclamation, éclat,clapping of hands.

Ant. Denunciation, censure,blame, sibilation, vituperation,hissing.

Appliances, n. pl. Means, instruments,appointments, appurtenances,tools, adjuncts,equipment; resources, steps,measures, ways; contrivances.

Applicable. Fit, appropriate,suitable, pertinent, apt, proper,relevant, germane; adjustable.

Ant. Irrelevant, useless, unavailable,impertinent.

Applicant. Petitioner, solicitor,suitor, candidate, aspirant.

Apply. Use, employ, exercise,appropriate; execute, carry out,26practice; devote, engage, dedicate;request, petition.

Ant. Divert, misuse, discard,divorce.

Appoint. Determine, establish,fix; assign, allot, designate;nominate, name, create; equip,supply, furnish; direct, command,decree, enjoin, impose, require,ordain.

Ant. Reserve, cancel, disarrange,reverse, withhold, retain,undo, suspend, recall,withdraw.

Appointment. Assignation, assignment,agreement, arrangement;meeting, tryst; station,position, office, place; decree,command, order, edict, ordinance,mandate, requirement,law.

Apportion. Appoint, allot, appropriate,divide, distribute,share, grant, dispense, assign,deal.

Ant. Retain, collect, consolidate,receive, gather, divert.

Apposite. Apt, pertinent, suitable,seasonable, apropos, fit,applicable, adapted.

Ant. Untimely, irrelevant,unfitting, impertinent, misplaced.

Appraise. Estimate, prize,value, rate, fix a price for, survey,assess, assize.

Ant. Undervalue, discard,misprize; discount, rebate, allow.

Appreciate. Estimate justly,value highly, esteem, prize,raise the value of; recognize,respect.

Ant. Undervalue, misjudge,ignore, misconceive; depreciate,disdain.

Apprehend. Arrest, seize, take,catch, capture; imagine, conceive,regard; perceive, realize,understand, appreciate; fear,forebode.

Ant. Miss, lose, misunderstand,ignore, misconceive.

Apprehension. Arrest, capture;understanding, intelligence,mind, reason; notice, cognizance;conception, imagination;knowledge, discernment,perception, sense; opinion,fancy, sentiment, notion, fear,suspicion, anxiety.

Ant. Escape, non-detection;sensibility, emotion; apathy,lethargy; illiteracy, stupidity,stolidity; confidence, nonchalance.

Apprise. Give notice, inform,tell, publish, advise, acquaint.

Ant. Deceive, mislead, hoodwink,mystify.

Approach, v. Advance, drawnear, bring near, go near, push;broach, address confidentially;resemble closely, be like, similar,or equal.

Ant. Diverge, retreat, goback; retard, restrain; be unlike.

Approbation. Praise, commendation,approval, liking; support,consent, sanction, indorsement,concurrence, assent.

Ant. Censure, protest, denial,disapproval, dissatisfaction.

Approve. Praise, commend,sanction, support, encourage,authorize.

Ant. Disparage, condemn,disown, repudiate, dislike.

Approximation. Approach,nearness, similarity, likeness,contiguity, resemblance, propinquity,neighborhood.

Ant. Remoteness, variation,distance, difference, divergence.

Appurtenant. Belonging, connected,appended, attached, coordinate.

27Ant. Isolated, detached, unallied,independent.

A priori. Theoretically; necessarily,apodictically, constitutionally,absolutely, primordially,inductively.

Ant. A posteriori; practically,according to experience;deductively from facts.

Apropos. Opportune, seasonable,apposite, timely, apt, suitable.

Ant. Inopportune, irrelevant,untimely, inapt, unsuitable.

Aptitude. Disposition, knack,endowment, tendency, inclination,fitness, suitability, bias,propensity.

Ant. Unreadiness, unskilfulness,repugnance, incongruity.

Arbiter. Umpire, judge, referee;controller, master, lord.

Ant. Appellant, claimant,litigant, disputant.

Arbitrary. Despotic, autocratic,tyrannical, overbearing, peremptory;capricious, wilful,fanciful; imperious, dictatorial.

Ant. Considerate, lenient,obliging, equitable.

Arbitration. Mediation, intercession,interposition, intervention;arbitrament, umpirage,trial, judgment, decision.

Ant. Litigation, contention,disputation, appeal, dissension.

Ardent. Passionate, fervent, intense,vehement, fierce, fiery;hot, burning; zealous, enthusiastic,strenuous.

Ant. Cool, cold, indifferent,torpid, apathetic, dispassionate,phlegmatic.

Argument. Reasoning, proof,evidence, controversy, discussion,debate; subject, topic,theme, thesis; summary, abstract,outline.

Ant. Assertion, assumption;dogma.

Aridity. Dryness, parchedness,sterility, unfertility, barrenness;dulness, indifference, torpidity,insensibility.

Ant. Moisture, fertility, verdancy,luxuriance, productivity.

Arise. Ascend, mount, get up,stand up; rebel, revolt; result,eventuate.

Ant. Descend, dismount;submit, cower; cause, instigate.

Aristocracy. Government ofnobles; nobility, peerage, gentry.

Ant. Democracy; people,populace, masses, rabble.

Arm, v. Equip, array, furnish,gird, accouter, provide; fortify,cover, protect, guard; prepare.

Ant. Divest, disarm; expose.

Army. Soldiery, legion, armament,forces, host, phalanx,troops.

Ant. Individual; citizens.

Aromatic. Fragrant, spicy,balmy, redolent, odoriferous,ambrosial.

Ant. Scentless, malodorous,fetid, offensive, noisome, rank.

Arouse. Excite, provoke, instigate,stimulate, animate, kindle,warm, whet, summon, awaken.

Ant. Allay, mitigate, moderate,still, quiet, assuage, quell.

Arraign. Accuse, charge, indict,impeach, denounce; prosecute.

Ant. Acquit, discharge, condone,release.

Arrange. Settle, determine, adjust;dispose, group, marshall,rank, range, distribute, place;plan, contrive, project, devise,construct, organize.

Ant. Confuse, disturb,jumble, disperse, disorder, derange.

Array, n. Order, parade, show,exhibition, collection, arrangement,line of battle, disposition.

28Ant. Disorder, confusion,jumble.

Arrest. Apprehend, capture,seize, detain, hold, take prisoner;stop.

Ant. Liberate, free, dismiss,release, discharge; expedite.

Arrival. Advent, coming; comer,person or thing arrived.

Ant. Departure, going.

Arrive. Reach, get to, come; attain,touch, overtake; happen.

Ant. Depart, set out orforth, be gone.

Arrogant. Haughty, insolent,proud, lordly, disdainful, supercilious,self-important, egoistic,overbearing, dogmatic,imperious.

Ant. Humble, diffident, polite,bashful, servile, considerate.

Art. Craft, business, calling, employment,trade; practicalknowledge; creation of beauty;skill, dexterity, sagacity, aptitude,cleverness, ingenuity;cunning, artifice, deceit, guile.

Ant. Misrepresentation, caricature;candor, simplicity; incompetency,inability.

Article. Thing, substance, commodity;part, portion, particular,point, item, member; essay,paper, monograph, brochure.

Ant. Nothing, nullity, cipher;totality, entirety, unity, integer.

Articulate. Join, unite, connect,fasten together; enunciate, utterdistinctly, pronounce.

Ant. Disperse, separate,rend, dissect, disjoin, disconnect;whisper; render mute, silence,muzzle.

Artifice. Cunning, craft, machination,stratagem, guile, device,contrivance, cheat, imposture,trick, ruse, maneuver, wile.

Ant. Fairness, frankness,candor, openness, sincerity,truth, honesty, artlessness, ingenuousness,simplicity.

Artificial. Unnatural, factitious;feigned, counterfeit, fictitious,spurious, sham; affected, forced,strained.

Ant. Natural, genuine, spontaneous,transparent, artless,unaffected.

Artist. Designer, contriver,skilled workman, artisan; mechanic,operative; painter;sculptor, carver; master, master-hand.

Ascend. Rise, mount, soar, aspire,go up, tower.

Ant. Descend, fall, sink.

Ascendancy. Power, authority,sway, dominion, rule, mastery,control, government, influence.

Ant. Subordination, servility.

Ascertain. Determine, establish,settle, fix, define, verify; discover,find out, get at.

Ant. Guess, surmise, suppose,presume, conjecture.

Ascetic. Austere, rigid, severe,self-denying, abstinent, stern,puritanical.

Ant. Lenient, indulgent,epicurean, pampered, mild, tolerant.

Ascribe. Impute, attribute, assign,refer, charge, set down.

Ant. Dissociate, exclude;deny, refuse; disconnect.

Ask. Request, petition, solicit,entreat, beg, beseech, supplicate,require of, crave, demand.

Ant. Refuse, reject, deny;command, claim, exact, extort,enforce, insist.

Aspect. Air, mien, look, countenance,expression, feature, bearing;state, attitude, posture,condition, appearance; direction,outlook, prospect.

Asperity. Acrimony, sourness,sharpness; sternness, severity,29bitterness, sullenness, ill-temper;roughness, unevenness.

Ant. Sweetness, pleasantness;gentleness, mildness;smoothness.

Asperse. Slander, calumniate,traduce, vilify, attack, abuse,blemish, besmirch, vituperate,disparage, censure, slur, malign.

Ant. Eulogize, vindicate,clear, defend, extol, praise,shield.

Aspiration. Pronouncing withthe rough breathing; yearning,longing, ardent desire, craving,spiritual ambition.

Ant. Apathy, inertia, indifference,dulness, aversion, repudiation,avoidance.

Assault. Attack, invasion,charge, onset, onslaught, aggression.

Ant. Resistance, defense, repulsion,retaliation, undermining.

Assemble. Gather, collect, convene,congregate, meet, cometogether.

Ant. Disperse, scatter, dismiss.

Assembly. Concourse, company,gathering, congregation, assemblage,meeting, convocation,throng; congress, parliament,legislature, synod, diet, council,convention; ball, dance,dancing party.

Ant. Dispersion, dismissal,disunion, disruption.

Assent, n. Acquiescence, acknowledgment,approval, concurrence,approbation, accord,consent, agreement, compliance.

Ant. Disagreement, dissent,difference, protest, declension.

Assertion. Asseveration, protestation,allegation; position,statement, word, declaration;vindication, defense, maintenance.

Ant. Denial, contradiction,abandonment, protest, disavowal,retraction, repudiation,confutation, abjuration.

Assess. Tax, value, appraise, estimate,compute, fix, assign, determine,impose.

Ant. Discount, rebate, allow.

Assiduous. Diligent, industrious,untiring, indefatigable, devoted,constant, attentive,painstaking, laborious, persistent,active.

Ant. Indolent, remiss, inattentive,lazy, desultory, inconstant.

Assignment. Appointment, allotment;specification, fixing,determination, offer, presentation;transfer, allowance.

Ant. Withdrawal, refusal;acceptance, reception.

Assimilate. Make similar, causeto resemble; digest, appropriate,incorporate, absorb.

Ant. Contrast, reject, separate,segregate.

Assist. Help, aid, succor, relieve,support, befriend, serve;speed, sustain, promote, further,coöperate with, patronize.

Ant. Hinder, oppose, antagonize,prevent, resist, counteract.

Associate, n. Companion, comrade,chum, friend, helpmate,partner, colleague, coadjutor,accomplice, ally, consort, confederate,peer.

Ant. Antagonist, enemy, foe,opponent, rival, stranger, opposer.

Association. Federation, fellowship,alliance, companionship,society, union, partnership,lodge, company, confederacy,corporation, fraternity, club.

Ant. Solitude; disintegration;independence, separation,30disunion, estrangement, disruption,avoidance; individuality.

Assortment. Arrangement, allotment,distribution; set, class,group, parcel, collection; variety,miscellany.

Ant. Disarrangement, displacement,misplacement; conglomeration.

Assuage. Soothe, pacify, mitigate,ease, alleviate, abate, calm.

Ant. Excite, inflame, provoke,aggravate, exasperate.

Assume. Arrogate, feign, pretend,take, usurp, accept, affect,appropriate, claim.

Ant. Waive, allow, surrender;doff; concede, grant, abandon,resign; demonstrate, prove,argue.

Assumption. Presumption, hypothesis,theory, postulate, conjecture;acceptance of, responsibilityfor; usurpation, arrogance,haughtiness, conceit,lordliness, impudence, effrontery.

Ant. Truth, fact; timidity,distrust, misgiving, consternation.

Assurance. Confidence, effrontery,presumption, assumption,arrogance, impudence, self-reliance,boldness, assertion;pledge.

Ant. Doubt, distrust, hesitancy,misgiving, timidity, confusion,dismay, shyness.

Astonish. Amaze, startle, surprise,astound, stupefy, stagger.

Ant. Encourage, embolden,assure.

Astute. Keen, discerning, acute,sagacious, shrewd, sharp, cunning,subtle, discriminating,knowing, perspicacious, crafty.

Ant. Stupid, unintelligent,imbecile, dull, idiotic, shortsighted,shallow.

Atrocious. Infamous, outrageous,nefarious, villainous, diabolical,heinous, flagrant, horrible.

Ant. Humane, noble, honorable,admirable, chivalrous, generous.

Attachment. Adherence, friendship,regard, tenderness, love,esteem, affection, devotion, inclination,union.

Ant. Alienation, aversion,coolness, distance, estrangement,indifference, antipathy,animosity, dislike, enmity, divorce.

Attack, v. Assault, storm, assail,invade, charge, rush upon,spring upon; censure, criticize;combat, besiege, beset.

Ant. Withstand, defend, resist,support, shield, aid, uphold,shelter, vindicate, protest.

Attain. Achieve, accomplish,gain, master, secure, earn, obtain,win, acquire, accomplish.

Ant. Lose, fail of, forfeit,give up, abandon, let go, miss.

Attainment. Winning, getting,accomplishing, securing; erudition,acquirement, wisdom,accomplishment, mental resources,information, learning,enlightenment.

Ant. Inspiration, intuition,genius; ignorance.

Attempt. Try, undertake, seek,endeavor, essay, attack, strive.

Ant. Abandon, shun, drop,dismiss, neglect.

Attendance. Presence; personspresent; train, retinue; ministration,service, waiting on.

Ant. Absence; non-attendance;neglect, abandonment.

Attention. Care, notice, observation,consideration, watchfulness,alertness; study, reflection,application; respect, courtesy,politeness, civility, regard;courtship, devotion, wooing.

31Ant. Indifference, carelessness,heedlessness, abstraction,distraction, absence of mind;neglect, preoccupation, ignoring.

Attenuate. Rarefy, thin, reduce,diminish, make slender, slim, orspare, lessen.

Ant. Amplify, dilate, swell,develop, enlarge, broaden, expand,increase.

Attest. Bear witness, certify,indorse, corroborate, support,authenticate; invoke, adjure;prove, show, manifest, exhibit.

Ant. Controvert, contradict,disprove, deny, upset, refute;conceal; vitiate.

Attire. Dress, apparel, robes,garments, habiliments, habit,raiment, uniform, costume, livery.

Ant. Nudity, nakedness.

Attitude. Position, pose, posture,situation, standing, aspect.

Ant. State, condition, essence;amorphism.

Attraction. Drawing, allurement,lure, fascination, charm,enticement, witchery, grace.

Ant. Repulsion, aversion,disinclination, repugnance.

Attribute, n. Quality, property,characteristic, peculiarity,mark.

Ant. Essence, substance, nature,being.

Attribute, v. Ascribe, assign,impute, refer, charge, connect,associate.

Ant. Separate, sever, sunder,disconnect, deny, dissociate.

Audacious. Bold, daring, fearless,courageous, venturesome,intrepid, dauntless; presumptuous,forward, assuming, impudent,impertinent, insolent.

Ant. Timid, cowardly, cautious;unenterprising; retiring.

Augur, v. Foretell, portend, predict,presage, prophesy, divine,prognosticate, betoken.

Ant. Demonstrate, establish,settle, prove, warrant, calculate.

August. Awful, imposing, majestic,stately, grand, regal,kingly, princely, noble, dignified.

Ant. Mean, common, vulgar,beggarly, commonplace, paltry.

Auspicious. Successful, fortunate,lucky, happy, prosperous;propitious, promising, opportune,favorable.

Ant. Hopeless, abortive, unpromising,unsatisfactory, discouraging.

Austere. Severe, hard, stiff,stern, uncompromising, unrelenting,ascetic, rigid, formal.

Ant. Affable, kindly, indulgent,genial, bland, mild, tender.

Authentic. Genuine, trustworthy,veritable, accepted, authorized,certain, accredited,sure, true, reliable, original,legitimate.

Ant. False, fictitious, spurious,unauthorized, apocryphal,fabulous, counterfeit.

Author. Creator, maker, contriver,originator, inventor;writer, composer.

Ant. Destroyer, demolisher,spoiler, annihilator.

Authority. Power, government,empire, dominion; supremacy,control, influence, interest; order,precept, sanction, liberty,warranty; expert, master, connoisseur.

Ant. Anarchy, license, insubordination,misrule, lynchlaw; embargo, restriction, hindrance,proscription, prohibition,injunction, interdiction;weakness, wrong, usurpation.

Autocratic. Absolute, unlimited,32tyrannical, oppressive,disdainful, overbearing, arrogant.

Ant. Subordinate, dependent,responsible, constitutional.

Automatic. Self-moving, self-acting.

Ant. Voluntary, free, optional.

Auxiliary, n. Assistant, helper,confederate, aid, ally, accessory,promoter, subordinate.

Ant. Opponent, antagonist,hinderer, opposer.

Available. Serviceable, useful,profitable, beneficial, advantageous.

Ant. Useless, inappropriate,irrelevant, inoperative.

Avaricious. Grasping, sordid,greedy, covetous, miserly,stingy.

Ant. Liberal, bountiful, extravagant,wasteful, prodigal,unselfish.

Avenge. Punish, retaliate, revenge,vindicate.

Ant. Forgive, pardon, overlook,condone, waive, forego,remit.

Avenue. Access, entrance, entry,approach, passage; alley, walk,street, road; route, channel.

Aver. Assert, declare, say, protest,affirm, asseverate, allege.

Ant. Deny, contradict, disavow.

Average. Medium, medial, middling,ordinary, tolerable, moderate,mediocre, passable.

Ant. Extreme, excessive, perfect,extraordinary, excellent.

Aversion. Dislike, hatred, repugnance,disgust, loathing, antipathy,abhorrence, detestation,unwillingness.

Ant. Sympathy, congeniality,ardor, eagerness, avidity,love, desire, affection.

Avidity. Eagerness, longing, desire,yearning; rapacity, craving,greediness.

Ant. Apathy, indifference,coldness, aversion, loathing.

Avoid. Quit, shun, abandon, escape,elude, withdraw, forsake,dodge.

Ant. Seek, court, approach,accost, address, affect.

Avouch. Assert, affirm, declare,protest, profess, asseverate.

Ant. Deny, contradict, gainsay.

Avow. Confess, own, acknowledge,admit, profess, proclaim,testify.

Ant. Disavow, repudiate,deny, contradict, disclaim, ignore.

Awaken. Rouse, kindle, excite,provoke.

Ant. Allay, quiet, subdue.

Award. Grant, allot, accord, distribute,assign, decree, determine.

Ant. Refuse, withhold, retain,misappropriate, deny.

Aware. Conscious, sensible, cognizant,knowing, apprised,mindful.

Ant. Unconscious, ignorant,insensible.

Awe. Fear, dread, reverence,veneration, terror, wonder.

Ant. Contempt, familiarity,irreverence, disrespect, insolence.

Awful. Dread, grand, imposing,majestic, noble, portentous, appalling,august, alarming, horrible,frightful, shocking, terrible.

Ant. Commonplace, contemptible,despicable, vulgar, undignified.

Awkward. Clumsy, bungling,ungainly, uncouth, rough, unskilful.

Ant. Clever, skilful, handy,dexterous, adroit.

33Awry. Oblique, slanting, twisted,crooked, distorted, athwart.

Ant. Straight, direct, true,right.

Axiom. Truism, postulate, self-evidentproposition, necessarytruth.

Ant. Paradox, sophism, contradiction,nonsense, absurdity.

Azure. Blue, sky-color, cerulean.

B

Babble. Chatter, prattle, jibber;prate, gossip, tattle; tell secrets,blab, blurt out; murmur.

Ant. Hush, suppress; enunciate.

Babel. Tumult, disorder, clamor,confusion, discord, din, pother.

Ant. Silence; articulation,distinctness, enunciation; monotony.

Back, a. and ad. Remote, hindmost,in the rear; again, return.

Ant. Near, foremost, in advance.

Back, v. Support, aid, second,sustain, assist; retire, retreat,withdraw; move backward,cause to go backward.

Ant. Fail, disappoint; advance,push.

Backbiter. Slanderer, defamer,traducer, calumniator, detractor,cynic.

Ant. Advocate, upholder,defender, vindicator.

Backslider. Recreant, apostate,renegade, deserter, abjurer.

Ant. Confessor, zealot, bigot,adherent.

Backward. Averse, indisposed,reluctant, loath, unwilling, hesitating,wavering; dull, slow,stupid, stolid; late, tardy.

Ant. Forward, eager, willing,ready, prompt; quick,bright; previous, antecedent,prior.

Bad. Evil, wicked, depraved,abandoned, corrupt, immoral,unfair, unprincipled, villainous;pernicious, mischievous, hurtful,injurious, detrimental, unwholesome;unlucky, unfortunate;sad, unwelcome, distressing,disappointing; sorry, mean,shabby, vile, wretched, abominable;poor, imperfect; serious,hard, severe.

Ant. Good, perfect, right,holy, beautiful, pleasant.

Baffle. Frustrate, thwart, defeat,circumvent, checkmate, undermine;bewilder, perplex, confound,disconcert.

Ant. Aid, assist, advance,encourage, promote.

Balance. Poise, hold in equilibrium;weigh, compare, estimate;neutralize, counteract,compensate; equalize, square,adjust.

Ant. Upset, cant, tilt, overbalance,subvert.

Bald. Bare, hairless; treeless,unsheltered, naked, verdureless;unadorned, prosaic, dull,vapid, tame, inelegant; literal,unvarnished; mere, unsupported,uncorroborated.

Ant. Adorned, periwigged;forested, shaded; bright, elegant,rhetorical; ornate, polished,witty, scintillating.

Baleful. Harmful, hurtful, injurious,baneful, pernicious,deadly, ruinous.

Ant. Innocent, beneficial,salutary, advantageous.

Balk. Frustrate, defeat, foil.

34Ant. Aid, promote, instigate.

Banish. Dismiss, drive out,eject, expel, exile, ostracize,evict, expatriate.

Ant. Welcome, admit, protect,domesticate, harbor.

Banquet. Feast, treat, regalement,entertainment, festivity,carousal, cheer.

Ant. Fast, starvation, abstinence.

Banter, n. Badinage, irony, raillery,ridicule, satire, chaff,mockery, jeering, derision.

Ant. Discourse, discussion.

Barbarous. Brutal, atrocious,cruel, inhuman, merciless, savage,barbaric, barbarian.

Ant. Civilized, humane, polite,refined, tender, delicate,cultured, elegant, nice, courtly.

Bare. Nude, naked, unclothed,exposed; sheer, simple, mere;bald, unadorned, meager; poor,destitute, indigent, empty.

Ant. Dressed, protected;rich, luxurious, costly.

Bargain. Agreement, contract,stipulation, transaction; purchase,speculation, haggling,getting, proceeds; cheap purchase.

Ant. Loss, misprofit; cheat.

Barren. Sterile, childless, unprolific;unfertile, unproductive;uninstructive, ineffectual.

Ant. Productive, fertile, luxuriant,fecund; profitable, useful.

Barrier. Obstruction, hindrance,obstacle, bar, barricade, rampart;restraint, restriction.

Ant. Thoroughfare, entrance,admittance, opening,passage.

Base. Cheap, worthless, inferior;vulgar, humble, unknown;mean, contemptible, servile;shameful, scandalous, vile.

Ant. Noble, honored, exalted,pure, valued, lofty, esteemed,refined.

Bashful. Modest, shy, retiring,reserved, diffident.

Ant. Bold, forward, pert,impudent, confident, conceited,egoistic.

Basis. Base, foundation, groundwork.

Ant. Apex, top, superstructure.

Bathe. Wash, lave, cover, flood,immerse, suffuse.

Ant. Dry, expose.

Battle, n. Fight, contest, skirmish,combat, encounter, bout,engagement, strife, action, conflict.

Ant. Armistice, truce, concord.

Bauble. Trifle, toy, plaything,trinket, gimcrack, knickknack.

Ant. Valuable, jewel, ornament,decoration, gem, possession.

Bays. Crown, wreath, garland,chaplet; honors, renown, plaudits,praise, glory, applause.

Ant. Disgrace, contumely,stigma, brand.

Beach. Shore, strand, margin,sands, marge, rim, coast, seashore,seaboard.

Ant. Ocean, sea, deep, main.

Beacon, n. Signal fire, mark,sign, guide, light, flame.

Ant. Shadow; dark; will-o’-the-wisp,ignis fatuus.

Beam, v. Shine, emit rays, beacon,gleam, glitter, be radiant.

Ant. Die out, grow dark, goout.

Bear. Support, sustain, hold up,carry; have, hold, possess; suffer,undergo, endure, tolerate,submit to; permit, allow; maintain,cherish, harbor; be responsiblefor; produce, yield,give birth to; generate.

35Ant. Drop, drag; release,give up; protest, resist, rebel,resent, reject.

Bearing. Behavior, deportment,demeanor, appearance, aspect,position, carriage, mien, air;relation, connection; patience,endurance; direction, course,aim; effect, force, meaning,scope; producing; bed, socket.

Ant. Misbehavior; disconnection,independence, irrelevancy;pendency, suspension; diversion,deflection; inanity, absurdity.

Beat. Strike, thrash, flog, cudgel,pound, scourge, whip, batter,smite, pommel, overcome,chastise, conquer, defeat, castigate,bruise, bastinado, belabor,switch, spank, worst, vanquish.

Ant. Soothe, stroke, caress,pat, shield, protect, mollify,heal.

Beatific. Ravishing, enrapturing,enchanting, transporting, ecstatic.

Ant. Tormenting, disgusting,obnoxious.

Beatitude. Bliss, felicity, blessedness.

Ant. Suffering, tribulation,pain, dolor.

Beautiful. Handsome, lovely,charming, fair, pretty, graceful,exquisite, beauteous, bewitching,attractive, picturesque,comely.

Ant. Hideous, repulsive,ugly, deformed, frightful,ghastly, grim.

Because. Since, inasmuch as,for, as.

Ant. Yet, notwithstanding,however, although, nevertheless.

Beckon. Signal, sign, call bygesture, nod.

Ant. Ignore, repulse.

Become. Suit, adorn, fit, set off,be appropriate to; get or growto, turn to, change into; befall,bechance, happen to.

Ant. Disagree, clash, mismatch.

Becoming. Befitting, beseeming,fit, graceful, proper, neat, suitable,congruous, worthy.

Ant. Unseemly, indecent,derogatory, unsuitable.

Befall. Happen, occur, chance,betide.

Ant. Impend, threaten, loom.

Befitting. Decent, becoming,suitable, proper, appropriate,expedient.

Ant. Compulsory, obligatory;improper, inexpedient.

Before. Preceding, in front of;prior to, previous; in advanceof, ahead of; hitherto; above,in a former place or previouspassage; formerly, of old, already;under the judgment orcontrol of.

Ant. Behind, after, subsequently,later.

Beg. Beseech, pray, ask, request,supplicate, solicit, sue, implore,importune.

Ant. Require, demand, extort,exact, insist; refuse.

Beggar. Mendicant, supplicant,pauper, suitor, applicant.

Ant. Bestower, giver, benefactor.

Beggary. Want, penury, indigence,destitution.

Ant. Riches, wealth, affluence,abundance, plenty.

Beginning. Origin, commencement,fountain, source, spring,start, opening, initiation, arising,outset, rise, inception, inauguration.

Ant. End, finish, fulfilment,outcome, conclusion, termination,result, effect, expiration,completion.

Beguile. Cheat, deceive, befool;amuse, entertain, cheer, solace.

36Ant. Enlighten, advise;weary, bore.

Behavior. Conduct, deportment,manners, breeding, carriage,bearing, action, demeanor, life.

Ant. Misconduct, misdemeanor.

Behest. Command, injunction,charge, precept.

Ant. Option, liberty.

Behind. Back, astern, rearward.

Ant. Before, in front of.

Behold. See, look, discern, gaze,scan, observe, contemplate.

Ant. Ignore, miss, wink,overlook, disregard, connive.

Behoof. Advantage, profit.

Ant. Loss, detriment, disadvantage.

Being. Reality, existence, actuality;essence, inmost nature,substance, life, vital principle,root, heart.

Ant. Nonentity, nullity, non-existence.

Beleaguer. Besiege, beset, blockade,invest; compass, block up,surround, obstruct, environ.

Ant. Abandon; conquer, subdue.

Belief. Trust, confidence, conviction,credence, persuasion,reliance, assurance; dogma,creed, tenets, opinion, view;credit, acceptance, assent, currency.

Ant. Distrust, denial, discredit,dissent, rejection, disavowal.

Belligerent. Warlike, contending,conflicting, hostile, rival,opposed, adverse, antagonistic,pugnacious, contentious, quarrelsome.

Ant. Peaceful, friendly, forbearing,pacific, neutral.

Belonging, n. Quality, gift, endowment,attribute; property,goods, estate, chattel, possession;appendage, appurtenance,accessory.

Belonging, a. Related, connected,appertaining, congenial, cognate,accompanying.

Ant. Alien, optional, independent,irrelevant.

Below. Under, beneath, underneath,hereinafter.

Ant. Above, beforementioned,previously.

Bend. Curve, twist, crook, bow,deflect, deviate, diverge, twine;influence, persuade, incline,submit.

Ant. Straighten, stiffen, direct;resist, break, crush.

Beneath. Below, under, underneath;unworthy of, unbefitting.

Ant. Above, superior to;over, aloft.

Benediction. Benison, blessing,beatitude; gratitude, thanks,praise; benefit, grace, boon.

Ant. Curse, censure, execration,ingratitude.

Benefactor. Patron, supporter,upholder, friend, contributor.

Ant. Destroyer, enemy, oppressor,brute.

Beneficence. Charity, bounty,liberality, benevolence.

Ant. Malevolence, hatred,stinginess, miserliness, niggardliness.

Benefit. Boon, service, advantage,profit, favor, blessing.

Ant. Evil, loss, damage, calamity,injury, privation.

Benevolence. Kindness, humaneness,charitableness, good will,altruism, beneficence, liberality,philanthropy, benignity, bounty,humanity, sympathy, munificence,generosity, unselfishness,kind-heartedness.

Ant. Malevolence, malignity,selfishness, stinginess,unkindness, brutality, churlishness,37barbarity, illiberality, self-seeking,niggardliness, harshness.

Benign. Kind, gracious, amiable,gentle, friendly, benevolent, humane,obliging, good.

Ant. Hateful, harsh, brutal,churlish.

Bequeath. Will, leave, devise;hand down, transmit, impart.

Ant. Withhold, alienate, disinherit.

Bereavement. Deprivation, loss,destitution, affliction, forlorncondition, desolation.

Ant. Blessing, compensation,reparation, consolation, restitution,restoration, substitution.

Bereft. Stripped, despoiled, deprived.

Ant. Endowed, blessed, enriched,compensated.

Beseech. Beg, implore, pray, ask,solicit, entreat, petition, importune.

Ant. Grant, requite, confer;disdain, defy.

Beset. Surround, circle, hem in,besiege, beleaguer; embarrass.

Ant. Defend, defy, repel.

Beside. Near, close together;aside from; out of.

Ant. Far, distant.

Besides or Beside. Except, save,distinct from; moreover, furthermore,else, beyond that.

Ant. Apart, separate from;exclusively; finally.

Bestow. Give, present, award,grant, confer; place, stow, store.

Ant. Receive; seize, appropriate,usurp; disperse, throwaway.

Bet. Stake, wager, pledge.

Ant. Plan, calculate, dispose.

Betide. Happen, bechance, befall,come to pass, occur, take place.

Ant. Result, be destined ordoomed.

Betimes. Seasonably, in goodtime or season.

Ant. Inopportune, late, tardy,unseasonable.

Betoken. Signify, denote, indicate,represent, imply, prove,show, augur; presage, prefigure,foretell, portend.

Ant. Mask, hide, mislead, belie,misrepresent.

Betray. Reveal, expose, divulge,deliver up, deceive; manifest,show, indicate; lure, ensnare,entrap, beguile; seduce, ruin,corrupt.

Ant. Protect, preserve, foster,cherish, conceal, suppress,guard.

Betrothal. Engagement, plighting,affiancing.

Better. Amend, ameliorate, improve,correct, advance, reform.

Ant. Make worse, degrade,wreck, weaken, cripple, impair,injure.

Between. Amid, among, betwixt.

Ant. Outside, beyond, without.

Bewail. Bemoan, lament, sorrow,grieve.

Ant. Rejoice, joy, exult.

Beware. Take care, be cautious,be wary, look out, mind.

Ant. Be reckless, careless;neglect, ignore.

Bewilderment. Confusion, embarrassment,daze, maze, perplexity,mystification.

Ant. Enlightenment, self-possession,calmness, discernment,perspicacity.

Bewitch. Charm, enchant, fascinate,captivate.

Ant. Repulse, avoid, recoil,annoy, harass.

Beyond. Over, across, remote,farther than, before; yonder,above, exceeding.

Ant. Beside, near, at hand,38close; behind, back; below, lessthan.

Bias. Bent, inclination, tendency,leaning, proneness, proclivity,propensity, partiality, predilection.

Ant. Repulsion, reaction,repugnance.

Bicker. Wrangle, quarrel, dispute,squabble.

Ant. Agree, sympathize, understand,harmonize.

Bidding. Command, order, direction,appointment, mandate;offer, bid, proposal.

Ant. Request, solicitation;refusal, rebuff.

Bide. Dwell, stay, reside, wait,tarry, remain; endure, bear.

Ant. Depart, go, move, migrate;resist, rebel, protest.

Big. Large, great, wide, bulky,huge, gross, fat; proud, arrogant,haughty, pompous.

Ant. Small, little, least,thin, narrow; humble, subservient,unassuming.

Bigot. Zealot, fanatic, dogmatist,devotee.

Ant. Skeptic, liberal, apostate,proselyte, doubter, agnostic.

Bigoted. Intolerant, opinionated,prejudiced, dogmatical,narrow-minded, one-sided.

Ant. Liberal, broad-minded,open to conviction.

Bill. Account, charge, score,amount due, reckoning; draft oflaw; poster, placard, advertisement.

Bind. Fetter, tie, fasten, shackle,restrict, restrain, secure; compel,oblige, engage.

Ant. Free, loose, set free,untie.

Birth. Family, parentage, origin,source, lineage, nativity, descent,extraction, race; rise.

Ant. Death, extinction.

Bit. Part, piece, fragment, morsel.

Ant. Whole, mass, aggregation.

Biting. Gnawing, sharp, severe,sardonic, censorious, piercing,sarcastic, trenchant.

Ant. Pleasant, gentle, soothing,genial, flattering.

Bitter. Harsh, caustic, cutting,savage, acidulous, acrimonious,irate, sharp, sour, stinging,pungent, virulent.

Ant. Sweet, honeyed, nectared,luscious, dulcet, saccharine.

Blacken. Slander, malign, defame,daub, bespatter, befoul,asperse, traduce, vilify, decry,calumniate.

Ant. Clear, eulogize, vindicate,whiten, whitewash.

Blackguard. Rascal, scoundrel,villain.

Ant. Gentleman.

Blame. Censure, rebuke, chide,reprove, reproach, condemn, vituperate,reprobate, reprehend,dispraise.

Ant. Approve, praise, exonerate,acquit, exculpate.

Blameless. Pure, innocent, irresponsible,without fault.

Ant. Guilty, implicated,blameworthy, faulty.

Blanch. Bleach, whiten, whitewash.

Ant. Blacken, stain, dye,darken, color.

Bland. Soft, gentle, mild, affable,gracious, tender, benign,courteous, complaisant.

Ant. Harsh, abrupt, rough,biting, savage, severe, impolite.

Blandishment. Flattery, coaxing,fascination, wheedling, attraction,charm, fawning, cajolery.

Ant. Bluntness, unmannerliness,roughness, scolding, severity,sternness.

39Blank. Bare, drear, bleak, void,empty; utter, pure, simple,mere, unqualified, unmitigated;amazed, astonished, confused,disconcerted.

Ant. Full, replete; complex;modified, qualified; composed,controlled, self-possessed, cognizant,intelligent.

Blasphemy. Profanity, sacrilege,impiety, swearing.

Ant. Reverence, godliness,veneration.

Blast. Shrivel, destroy, blight,kill, ruin, wither, annihilate;explode, rend, burst.

Ant. Restore, expand, swell.

Blazon. Exhibit, show off,blaze, blare, trumpet, proclaim,publish.

Ant. Conceal, hush, cover,hide, suppress, shroud, bury.

Bleach. Blanch, whiten.

Ant. Blacken, darken, soil,stain.

Bleak. Windy, exposed, bare;cold, chill, raw, desolate, comfortless,cheerless.

Ant. Sheltered, protected,warm, balmy, cheerful, comfortable.

Blemish. Blot, spot, flaw, fault,imperfection, stain; defacement,tarnish, disfigurement,disgrace, defect, dishonor,stigma, taint.

Ant. Purity, unsulliedness,honor, integrity, wholeness.

Blend. Mix, unite, fuse, merge,mingle, amalgamate, combine,coalesce, harmonize.

Ant. Separate, run, dissociate,divide.

Bless. Delight, gladden, makehappy, thank, glorify, exalt,praise, extol, felicitate, cheer.

Ant. Curse, anathematize,sadden, grieve.

Blessing. Benediction, benison;good, benefit, happiness, profit,boon, gain; glory, praise, gratitude.

Ant. Malediction, curse; bereavement,impoverishment, calamity,deprivation, disaster,damage, detriment.

Blight. Pestilence, withering,blast, destruction.

Ant. Development, maturity.

Blind. Sightless, unseeing, eyeless,undiscerning, ignorant, unconscious,uninformed.

Ant. Clear-sighted, far-seeing,discerning, penetrating,conscious, keen, aware, sensitive.

Blink. Wink, ignore, connive,overlook.

Ant. Notice, note, mark.

Bliss. Blessedness, happiness,joy, ecstasy, rapture, felicity,beatitude.

Ant. Torment, woe, suffering,misery, accursedness.

Blithe. Merry, joyous, cheerful,gay, lively, airy, sportive,blithesome, mirthful, jocund,elated, vivacious, joyful.

Ant. Dejected, heavy, dull,sullen.

Block. Obstruct, arrest, stop,fill.

Ant. Free, open, clear.

Blockhead. Dunce, dolt, stupidfellow, numskull, ninny, simpleton,ignoramus, dullard, booby.

Ant. Sage, adept, savant,philosopher, schoolman, luminary.

Blood-thirsty. Cruel, savage,ferocious, murderous, bloody,bloody-minded, gory, barbarous,inhuman, ruthless, sanguinary.

Ant. Humane, kind, merciful,mild, tender, compassionate.

Bloom, n. Blossom, flower,flowering, efflorescence; flush,freshness, prime, vigor, glow;delicacy, innocence.

40Ant. Decay, decadence,blight, blast, roughness, toughness,ghastliness, superannuation,cadaverousness, coarseness.

Bloom, v. Blossom, bud, flower,germinate, sprout, blow, develop.

Ant. Blight, be blasted,wither.

Blooming. Flourishing, flowering;young, beautiful, fair,fresh.

Ant. Fading, waning, old,unsightly, deformed, blasted,withered.

Blot. Sully, spot, tarnish, spoil,discolor, pollute, stain, erase,blur, blotch, smear, smutch,obliterate.

Ant. Cleanse, clear, whiten,blanch; perpetuate, preserve.

Blot out. Erase, cancel, expunge,obliterate, efface, destroy,wipe out.

Ant. Restore, replace.

Blow, n. Knock, thump, stroke,box, buffet, calamity, cuff, cut,concussion, disaster, lash, misfortune,rap, shock, stroke,wound, affliction, blast, gale,gust; disappointment.

Ant. Relief, comfort, blessing,consolation, assuagement.

Bluff. Abrupt, blunt, inconsiderate,open, rough, unmannerly,uncivil, blustering, bold,brusque, coarse, discourteous,frank, impolite, plain-spoken,rude.

Ant. Bland, courteous, genial,polite, refined, reserved,urbane, polished.

Blunder. Error, mistake, misunderstanding,fault, slip, oversight,inaccuracy, delusion.

Ant. Accuracy, correctness,truthfulness, exactness, ratification,foresight, achievement,success, correction.

Blunt, a. Obtuse, dull, pointless,edgeless, brusk, abrupt, plain,informal, stupid, stolid.

Ant. Sharp, keen, acute,sensitive, polished, courteous,refined.

Blunt, v. Subdue, numb, harden,dull, make dull, deaden,paralyze, stupefy; moderate,allay, mitigate, assuage.

Ant. Quicken, sharpen, instigate,excite, stimulate, animate,vitalize.

Blush, n. Bloom, color, reddening,carnation, complexion;shame, confusion, guiltiness.

Ant. Pallor; innocence, purity,unconsciousness; boldness,effrontery.

Bluster. Storm, rage, insult,roar, swagger, vaunt, boast.

Ant. Cringe, whine, whimper.

Boast. Vaunt, brag, swagger,magnify, make much of, swell,bluster, triumph, glory, vapor.

Ant. Whine, cringe; minimize,apologize.

Bodily. Corporeally; completely,wholly, altogether, entirely, collectively,unitedly.

Ant. Spiritually, ghostly;piecemeal, partially, gradually,fragmentarily.

Body. Material or physical substance;carcass, corpse; trunk,stem, bulk, main part; person,individual, mortal, creature,being; company, society, corporation;system; consistency,substance; ashes, form, dust,frame, remains, clay.

Ant. Intellect, intelligence,soul, spirit, mind; branch,limb; world, universe; mass,conglomeration.

Boil. Bubble, rage, effervesce,explode, fume.

Ant. Calm, subside, cool, recover.

41Boisterous. Loud, unrestrained,stormy, noisy, furious, violent,clamorous.

Ant. Quiet, silent, unostentatious,mild, gentle, peaceful,calm, serene, self-possessed.

Bold. Courageous, fearless, adventurous,brave, intrepid,dauntless, audacious, daring,valiant.

Ant. Timorous, fearful, retiring,shy, bashful.

Bolster. Support, prop, help,sustain, aid, buoy, patch, defend,maintain.

Ant. Depress, fail, relax.

Bombast. Bluster, pomposity,fustian, braggadocio, rhodomontade.

Ant. Modesty, humility, veracity,moderation, temperance.

Bond. Tie, fastening, manacle,fetter; compact, obligation, security.

Ant. Option, freedom, parole,honor, discretion.

Bondage. Servitude, slavery,imprisonment, captivity, incarceration,subjection, serfdom,confinement, thraldom.

Ant. Liberty, freedom, manumission,independence.

Bondsman. Slave, serf, captive,vassal, prisoner.

Ant. Freeman, gentleman,master, lord.

Bonny. Fair, pretty, pleasant,handsome, shapely, buxom.

Ant. Homely, ugly, unseemly,deformed, ill-favored.

Bonus. Premium, douceur, boon,benefit.

Ant. Fine, penalty, discount,mulct.

Booby. Dunce, idiot, numskull.

Ant. Wiseacre, solon, oracle.

Bookish. Pedantic, studious,learned, erudite, educated.

Ant. Illiterate, ignorant.

Boor. Rustic, clown, lout, peasant,countryman, plowman,swain, bumpkin.

Ant. Gentleman, courtier.

Boorish. Rude, rustic, clownish,loutish, ungainly, awkward,coarse, rough, gawky.

Ant. Polite, civil, polished,urbane, courtly, affable, gracious.

Bootless. Useless, unavailing,unprofitable, profitless, vain.

Ant. Effectual, profitable,useful, effective.

Booty. Plunder, prey, spoil, pillage,loot.

Ant. Restitution, fine, forfeiture,confiscation, penalty.

Border. Edge, limit, boundary,brink, rim, verge, enclosure,confine, band.

Ant. Land, tract, interior,center, space, substance.

Bore. Pierce, perforate, penetrate,drill; weary, plague,trouble, vex, worry, annoy.

Ant. Delight, gratify, please.

Bosom. Breast, heart, affection;hollow, depths, midst, inmostrecesses; retreat, retirement,quiet, privacy.

Ant. Surface, exterior, expanse;manner, deportment, demeanor.

Both. Twain, two.

Ant. Either, each, every,neither, none, not any, no one.

Bother. Worry, pester, perplex,harass, plague, tease, vex, molest,annoy, excite.

Ant. Aid, assist, calm, quiet,compose.

Bottom. Deep, profound, base,foot; foundation, basis, groundwork;valley, meadow; ship,vessel; seat; grounds, lees, sediments;stamina, power of endurance.

Ant. Top, height, acme,apex, summit, crown, brow; surface.

42Bound, v. Skip, leap, frisk, jump,spring; confine, limit, circumscribe,terminate, restrict, restrain.

Ant. Hobble, limp, crawl,creep, shamble; enlarge, open,extend, spread out.

Boundary. Margin, limit, confines,border, bound, frontier,line, marge, verge, termination,term, barrier, bourn, edge, enclosure,landmark; circumference.

Ant. Land, region, estate,interior, territory; center, citadel;inside.

Boundless. Unlimited, illimitable,unbounded, measureless,infinite.

Ant. Narrow, restricted,confined, circumscribed.

Bountiful. Liberal, generous,benevolent, unselfish, munificent.

Ant. Miserly, selfish, stingy,niggardly.

Bounty. Liberality, gift, generosity,charity, benefaction, benignity,benevolence, munificence,donation; premium, reward,bonus.

Ant. Closeness, stinginess,niggardliness, miserliness.

Bower. Recess, arbor, retreat,alcove, summerhouse.

Ant. Open place.

Brag. Boast, vaunt, bully, swagger.

Ant. Cringe, whine, whimper.

Braid. Bind, weave, plait, tie.

Ant. Unbind, dishevel.

Branch. Member, bough, limb,shoot, arm, twig, scion, offshoot,ramification; section, department,division; article, part,portion; tributary; derivativeline, cognate stock.

Ant. Trunk, stock, stem;race, family, house.

Brand, v. Denounce, mark, stigmatize,disgrace.

Ant. Honor, decorate, distinguish.

Brandish. Flourish, wield, whisk,shake, wave.

Ant. Suspend, stay, arrest.

Bravado. Boasting, bragging,bluster.

Ant. Diffidence, reserve, concealment,modesty.

Brave. Fearless, heroic, undaunted,undismayed, adventurous,bold, courageous, daring,dauntless, gallant, intrepid,valiant, venturesome, doughty,chivalrous, chivalric, splendid,courteous.

Ant. Afraid, cringing, fearful,shrinking, timid, timorous,frightened, cowardly, faint-hearted,pusillanimous, churlish,discourteous, fearsome.

Brawny. Muscular, strong,powerful, athletic, sinewy, herculean,robust, stout.

Ant. Weak, fragile, delicate,feeble, effeminate, lean.

Breach. Break, rupture, opening,fracture, flaw, fissure, rent;violation, infringement, non-observance;quarrel, difference,variance, dissension, schism, alienation.

Ant. Integrity, wholeness,flawlessness, completeness; reconciliation,healing; conservation,observance; inviolateness;union, fidelity, amalgamation.

Break. Fracture, rend, part,sever, shatter, smash, shiver;weaken, impair, enfeeble, enervate;tame; make bankrupt;dismiss, discard, degrade, cashier;mitigate, assuage; interrupt,stop, cut short; open, unfold;destroy, sunder, burst,rive, crack, crush, demolish,rupture, split, transgress.

Ant. Fasten, join, mend, secure,43unite, weld, attach, bind,solder, heal, piece, conjoin, rejoin;protect, conserve; encourage,strengthen, preserve;observe, obey.

Breast. Bosom, heart, affection,conscience.

Breathless. Out of breath; lifeless,dead; exhausted, eager, absorbed,attentive, fascinated;astonished, astounded, bewildered.

Ant. Calm, collected, cool,composed; indifferent, uninterested.

Breed, n. Lineage, race, pedigree,progeny, stock, line, family, extraction,strain.

Ant. Ancestor, source, original,origin.

Breed, v. Bring forth, bear, beget,produce; nurture, foster,nourish; discipline, educate, instruct,train, teach, school; occasion,originate, generate, procreate,propagate, cause, evolve.

Ant. Destroy, extirpate,stifle, extinguish.

Breeding. Discipline, instruction,education, nurture, training,schooling; manners, deportment.

Ant. Ill manners, misbehavior;ignorance, illiteracy.

Brevity. Shortness, terseness,conciseness, compression, pithiness,succinctness, pointedness;abbreviation, abridgment.

Ant. Prolixity, diffuseness,verbosity, length, protraction,elongation, extension, tediousness.

Brew. Concoct, compound, mix,hatch, foment, excite; prepare,collect, gather, grow; threaten,impend; form.

Ant. Disperse, break, spoil,mar, miscompound.

Bridle, v. Restrain, curb, control,govern, check; bristle, ruffle;master, moderate, compress, repress.

Ant. Relax, loosen, give vent,liberate, discharge; soothe,calm.

Brief. Short, concise, succinct.

Ant. Long, tedious, diffuse.

Bright. Shining, resplendent, luminous,glowing, lustrous,beaming, gleaming, glistening,blazing, flaming, flashing, radiant,ruddy, refulgent, brilliant,dazzling, sparkling, scintillating,burnished; lucid, clear,transparent, pellucid, lambent,cloudless, limpid; glorious, famous,illustrious; intelligent,acute, discerning, keen, ingenious;auspicious, promising, propitious,favorable, inspiring;cheerful, merry, lively, happy,animated.

Ant. Opaque, dull, dark,gloomy, black, ebon, shadowy,rayless, sunless, murky, cloudy,overcast, pitchy, lurid; obscure,mysterious, enigmatical, mystic,unintelligible, occult, recondite,abstruse, cabalistic, transcendental;disheartening, discouraging,dismal, cheerless; ignorant,unlettered, untaught, imbecile,rude, benighted; foul,infamous, horrible, damnable,vile, infernal, wicked, sullen,atrocious, dejected.

Brilliant. Bright, radiant, flashing,lustrous, glorious, luminous,effulgent, beaming, sparkling;illustrious, distinguished,celebrated, famous, renowned,eminent.

Ant. Dark, dull, stupid,gloomy; notorious, infamous;obscure, insignificant.

Bring. Bear, fetch, convey; conduct,guide, lead, attend, accompany,convoy; obtain, gain,procure, produce; induce, prevailupon.

44Ant. Remove, export, send,exclude, debar, transport, abstract,subtract.

Brisk. Lively, quick, vivacious,active, alert, animated, prompt,sprightly, nimble, spry, agile.

Ant. Slow, heavy, dull, sluggish,indolent, inactive, unenergetic,stagnant.

Bristling. Full, crowded,swarming, stocked, multifarious,multitudinous; bristly,standing on end like bristles;ruffled, roughened, corrugated,bespined; bridled, angered, offended.

Ant. Smooth, soothed, allayed;prone; bare, nude, scant,devoid, vacant.

Brittle. Fragile, crumbling,shivery, frail, easily broken.

Ant. Tough, stout, strong,hardy.

Broach. Open, pierce, tap; suggest,hint, approach, break;utter, publish, proclaim, giveout; originate, propound.

Ant. Repress, cork, bottle,secrete, conceal, hide.

Broad. Wide; large, ample, extensive,vast, spacious, capacious;liberal, tolerant, free,hospitable; spread, diffused,open; gross, vulgar, indecent,coarse.

Ant. Narrow; contracted,restricted, confined, limited;prejudiced, illiberal, bigoted, reserved;veiled, enigmatical,shrouded, shaded; refined, delicate,sketchy; specific, pointed.

Broil. Affray, quarrel, contention.

Brook. Tolerate, bear, suffer, endure,abide, submit to, undergo,permit.

Ant. Resist, resent, reject.

Brotherhood. Fraternity, fellowship,association, sodality,society.

Browbeat. Bully, intimidate,bulldoze, overawe.

Ant. Rally, support.

Bruise. Pommel, crush, squeeze,break, pound, batter, deface.

Ant. Heal, soothe.

Brunt. Shock, attack, impulse,onslaught, onset, assault.

Ant. Repulse, resistance, endurance.

Brutal. Brutish, animal, beastly,bestial; savage, ferocious, cruel,harsh, uncivil, rude, rough,gruff, impolite, brusque; sensual,carnal.

Ant. Humane, self-controlled,civilized, enlightened,elevated, noble, refined, intelligent,grand.

Bubble. Toy, trifle, fancy, conceit,dream, vision, froth, trash.

Ant. Prize, treasure, reality,substance, jewel, good, advantage.

Buffoon. Wag, clown, jester,mountebank, harlequin, droll,punch, fool.

Ant. Wit, genius, pedant,philosopher.

Build. Make, form, shape, figure,model; construct, erect, raise.

Ant. Demolish, overthrow,destroy.

Building. Architecture, edifice,structure, fabric, pile, erection.

Ant. Ruin, demolition, dilapidation,dismantlement.

Bulk. Magnitude, size, volume,mass; greatness, amplitude,massiveness; majority, majorpart, most, principal part; dimension.

Ant. Portion, section, atom,particle; diminution, tenuity,contraction, dismemberment,disintegration.

Bulwark. Rampart, fortress,fortification, stronghold, intrenchment,bastion, parapet,citadel.

45Ant. Siege, bombardment,cannonade, boarding, storming.

Bungler. Botcher, clown, fumbler,clumsy workman, novice.

Ant. Adept, adroit, master,artist, proficient workman, professor.

Buoy, v. Float, support, sustain;elevate, inspire, assure,animate, cheer.

Ant. Sink, drown, depress,swamp; crush, betray, fail, deject,overcome.

Buoyant. Light; cheerful, hopeful,sprightly, vivacious, joyous,blithesome, jocund, sportive,jubilant, elastic, floating.

Ant. Heavy, dejected, depressed,moody, joyless, cheerless,desponding.

Burden. Load, weight; cargo,freight; capacity, tonnage: impediment,incubus, grievance,trial, trouble, affliction, sorrow;chorus, refrain; topic,drift, tenor, point, substance.

Ant. Ease, lightness; facility,airiness, light-heartedness;consolation, assuagement, alleviation,liberation, mitigation.

Burial. Interment, sepulture,entombment, burying.

Ant. Exhumation, disinterment.

Burlesque. Parody, travesty,caricature, ridicule, farce.

Ant. Classic, history, fact.

Burn. Char, consume, cremate,scorch, set on fire, singe, ignite,incinerate, kindle, blaze, cauterize,glow, smolder.

Ant. Smother, stifle, subdue,extinguish, cool, put out; subside,glimmer, lower, pale.

Burnish. Brighten, polish, maketo glisten, glaze, gloss.

Ant. Dull, bedim, cloud,scratch, abrade.

Burst. Break, open, explode,blow up, rend, split, crack, discharge,shatter, disrupt.

Ant. Cohere, hold, stand,stick together, adhere.

Bury. Inter, cover up, entomb,inearth, inhume, inurn; shroud,conceal, secrete, hide; immure,confine; cancel, compose, hush,cover with oblivion.

Ant. Resurrect, exhume, disinter,excavate, expose, resuscitate;publish, announce, advertise.

Business. Employment, craft,trade, commerce, handicraft,traffic, transaction, work, vocation,job, affairs, avocation, profession,occupation, calling, concern,duty, office, interest.

Ant. Stagnation, leisure, inactivity.

Bustle. Activity, stir, commotion,excitement, haste, hurry,energy, eagerness, flurry.

Ant. Idleness, inactivity,vacation, stagnation, quiet, indolence,indifference, unconcern.

Busy. Engaged, employed, occupied;diligent, industrious, active,working, sedulous; brisk,stirring, bustling, agile, spry,nimble; meddling, officious.

Ant. Idle, lazy, indolent,slothful.

But. Save, except, furthermore,barely, besides, however, just,only, notwithstanding, though,unless, yet, still, merely, nevertheless,provided, moreover.

Buxom. Bonny, blithe, shapely.

Ant. Lean, slender, ill-shaped.

Buy. Purchase, bargain, acquire;bribe, corrupt, pervert,suborn, subsidize.

Ant. Sell, hawk, retail, vend.

By. Through, with; at, on;from, according to; near, closeby; past; along, over; before,in the sight of, in the name of;per, at.

Cabal. Confederacy, conspiracy,conclave, combination, faction,crew, junto, gang, coterie, plot,political intrigue, league.

Cadaverous. Bloodless, pallid,pale, wan, ghastly, deathlike,ashy.

Ant. Rosy, blushing, sanguine,incarnadine.

Cage, v. Imprison, immure, confine,incarcerate.

Ant. Liberate, free, dismiss,unbar.

Caitiff. Rascal, miscreant, villain,wretch, coward, sneak,traitor, scoundrel, vagabond.

Ant. Gentleman, patriot,philanthropist.

Cajole. Coax, wheedle, flatter,fawn upon, blandish; deceive,entrap, beguile, inveigle, imposeupon.

Ant. Scold, chide, warn.

Calamitous. Disastrous, unfortunate,unlucky, adverse, untoward,deplorable, ruinous, inauspicious,wretched, distressing,grievous, ill-starred, troublous,hapless, ill-omened.

Ant. Fortunate, auspicious,felicitous, propitious, favorable,advantageous.

Calamity. Disaster, misfortune,catastrophe, mishap, trial,trouble, affliction, adversity,distress, hardship, ill luck, visitation.

Ant. Blessing, boon, advantage,good fortune, benefaction.

Calculate. Number, reckon, sumup, count, compute, account,estimate, enumerate, rate; consider,deem, apportion, investigate.

Ant. Guess, risk, chance,conjecture, stake.

Calculating. Wary, cautious,scheming, crafty, cool, hard,selfish; careful, circumspect, sagacious,farsighted.

Ant. Shortsighted, improvident,rash, careless.

Calculation. Reckoning, computation;expectation, anticipation,prospect; foresight, forethought,caution, wariness, discretion,prudence, deliberation.

Ant. Omission, carelessness,imprudence, indiscretion, inconsideration.

Caliber. Diameter, gage, capacity;faculty, scope, talent, ability,gifts, parts, endowment.

Ant. Smallness, thinness;imbecility, incapacity, puerility.

Call. Cry, bellow, clamor, ejaculate,scream, roar, shout, shriek,bawl, yell, exclaim, vociferate;invite, summon, send for, bid;assemble, convene, muster;elect, ordain, appoint; invoke,appeal to.

Ant. Be silent, hush, list,listen, harken, be still; ignore;disperse; disdain, defy.

Calm. Composed, peaceful, placid,quiet, still, tranquil, self-possessed,serene, undisturbed,dispassionate, sedate, collected,imperturbable, unruffled.

Ant. Frantic, frenzied, passionate,furious, raging, stormy,violent, boisterous, agitated, excited,fierce, turbulent, wild,heated, wrathful, disturbed.

Calumniate. Slander, traduce,defame, vilify, revile, asperse.

Ant. Praise, commend, vindicate,laud, honor, eulogize;shield.

Calumny. Slander, aspersion,47defamation, detraction, abuse,obloquy.

Ant. Vindication, justification;eulogy, panegyric.

Camp. Encampment, bivouac.

Cancel. Obliterate, scratch out,erase, efface, expunge, cross off;abolish, abrogate, nullify, annul,revoke, rescind, make void,repeal.

Ant. Confirm, enact, perpetuate,approve, enforce, uphold,sustain, maintain, establish,record, write.

Candid. Honest, open, straightforward,transparent, unbiased,artless, frank, guileless, ingenuous,naive, sincere, impartial,innocent, unprejudiced, aboveboard,simple, truthful, unsophisticated,fair.

Ant. Deceitful, designing,foxy, sharp, shrewd, crafty, artful,sly, tricky, subtle, adroit,cunning, insincere, diplomatic,intriguing, wily.

Candidate. Aspirant, solicitant,petitioner, canvasser, claimant,solicitor.

Ant. Non-competitor; resigner,abandoner, abjurer.

Canvass. Debate, discuss, dispute,agitate; examine, investigate,scrutinize, sift, study, consider;solicit votes from, applyfor.

Ant. Admit, pass, misexamine,allow, ignore, disregard.

Capability. Capacity, ability,skill, power, competency, efficiency,caliber, force, faculty,scope, brains, talent.

Ant. Dulness, inability, inaptitude,difficulty, awkwardness.

Capacity. Space, magnitude, volume,dimensions, extent, size,tonnage, caliber; faculty, gift,talent, genius, competency, capability,discernment, cleverness,skill, aptitude; sphere,office, province, character, function.

Ant. Restriction, narrowness,contractedness, incapacity;incompetency, inefficiency,inability.

Capital, n. Metropolis; largeletter; stock, sum invested; headof a column or pillar; mental,physical, or financial resources.

Capital, a. Chief, principal, essential,leading, cardinal; fatal,forfeiting life; excellent, prime,first-class, first-rate, consummate,high, important.

Ant. Subordinate, inferior,unimportant, minor; defective,mean.

Capitulate. Surrender, yield,submit, stipulate.

Ant. Resist, contend, struggle.

Caprice. Vagary, freak, whim,fancy, crotchet.

Ant. Purpose, plan, determination,conviction, seriousness.

Capricious. Wayward, fanciful,freakish, whimsical, inconstant,uncertain, fitful, fickle, changeable.

Ant. Firm, inflexible, unswerving,constant, decided, serious.

Captious. Carping, hypercritical,censorious; crabbed, snappish,touchy, cross, snarling,acrimonious, contentious; insidious,ensnaring.

Ant. Appreciative, commendatory,complimentary, encouraging,flattering, laudatory, approving.

Captivate. Charm, enchant, fascinate,enamor, bewitch, pleasehighly, lead captive, win, catch.

Ant. Disenchant, disillusionize;disgust.

Captivity. Thraldom, confinement,48duress, imprisonment,bondage, subjection, slavery,servitude, durance.

Ant. Freedom, liberty, independence.

Capture. Seize, catch, arrest,apprehend, make captive; prize.

Ant. Liberate, free, release;acquit.

Care. Anxiety, trouble, solicitude,concern, vigilance, worry,charge, caution, attention, heed,forethought, management, perplexity,watchfulness, wariness,precaution, oversight, prudence.

Ant. Indifference, heedlessness,negligence, oversight, remissness,slight, recklessness,disregard, carelessness, inattention.

Career. Course, line of achievement,passage, race, flight, procedure,conduct, progress, activelife, success.

Careful. Thoughtful, provident,considerate, reflective, heedful,diligent, pensive, regardful, contemplative.

Ant. Careless, thoughtless,improvident, unthinking, heedless,inconsiderate, rash, wanton,idle, dreamy, trifling.

Caress, v. Embrace, fondle, kiss,pet, pamper, coddle, court, flatter.

Ant. Vex, tease, affront, annoy,provoke, persecute.

Cargo. Freight, load, goods, lading,consignment, merchandise.

Caricature. Imitation, mimicry,parody, travesty, burlesque, exaggeration,extravaganza, takeoff,farce, monstrosity.

Ant. Portraiture, resemblance,representation, reproduction.

Carnage. Massacre, bloodshed,slaughter, havoc, butchery.

Ant. Deliverance, ransom,quarter, redemption.

Carnal. Sensual, fleshly, lustful,lascivious; natural, unregenerate,earthly, temporal.

Ant. Spiritual, ethereal, refined,pure, exalted, temperate,self-controlled.

Carnival. Festival, revel, masquerade,rout.

Ant. Fast, retirement, Lent,penance, mortification.

Carol. Sing, warble, chirp, twitter,chant, whistle, hum; hymn.

Ant. Whine, lament, dirge,cry, croak, weep, groan, moan.

Carousal. Feast, festival, banquet,revel, debauch, wassail,orgies.

Ant. Fast, abstinence, starvation;temperance, moderation;self-denial.

Carp. Cavil, find fault, object to,pick flaws, challenge, censure,hypercriticize.

Ant. Concede, admit, compliment,approve, applaud, acquiesce,assent.

Carpet. Covering for floor; tableor board (metaphorical), consideration,consultation.

Ant. Shelf (metaphorical),rejection, oblivion, disposal.

Carry. Convey, move, transport,lift, bring, bear, transmit, support,sustain, take; impel, urge,push forward; signify, infer, involve,implicate.

Ant. Drop, let go, throwdown, fall under, shake off; retard,impede; leave, be separatefrom.

Case. Box; covering, sheathe;state, condition, plight, predicament;instance, example, occurrence;circumstance, event, contingency;suit, action, process,trial, cause; question, subjectof discussion; form, inflection.

Ant. Hypothesis, supposition,fancy, theory, conjecture;49generalization, principle, universality.

Cash. Coin, money, specie, currency,capital.

Ant. Paper money, greenbacks,bills.

Cast. Hurl, throw, pitch, fling,drive, thrust, sling, toss; shed,lay aside; calculate, compute,reckon; found, form; direct,turn; assign, appoint, allot;impart, shed, diffuse, communicate.

Ant. Raise, elevate, erect;accept, approve, retain, carry;miscalculate; break, dismember,dissipate.

Caste. Grade, rank, order, lineage,dignity, respect.

Ant. Abasement, degradation,disrepute, taboo, reproach,ostracism.

Castigate. Whip, flagellate, cane.

Ant. Reward, encourage, caress,pat.

Casual. Accidental, incidental,fortuitous, chance, contingent.

Ant. Regular, certain, fixed,ordinary, periodic, systematic.

Casuistry. Sophistry, fallacy,quibble; refinement.

Ant. Reason, common sense,conscience.

Catalogue. List, register, index,enrolment, entry, record, roll,inventory, schedule.

Ant. Non-registration, obliteration,oblivion, forgetfulness;non-entry, oversight, omission.

Catastrophe. Revolution, disaster,mishap, misfortune, calamity,cataclysm, blow, visitation.

Ant. Victory, triumph, benefit,ovation, success, felicitation,blessing.

Catch. Grasp, seize, clutch, capture,clasp, secure, snatch, take,arrest, ensnare, entrap, grip,lay hold; comprehend, apprehend,understand.

Ant. Lose, miss, fail of, letgo, give up, release, restore.

Categorical. Plain, absolute,distinct, positive, declaratory,affirmative.

Ant. Obscure, ambiguous,dubious, hypothetical, contingent,mystical, enigmatical.

Category. Class, division, order,rank; universal aspect, primitiverelation.

Ant. Essence, truth, being,substance, nature.

Causality. Causation, potentiality,eventuality, operativeness.

Ant. Counteractivity, barrenness,sterility; finality.

Cause. Agent, origin, source, creator,spring; reason, power;designer, antecedent, originator,author, producer; condition,principle.

Ant. Effect, result, end, production,issue, accomplishment,development, consequence, creation,fruit, event, outcome,outgrowth.

Caution. Care, heed, wariness,circumspection, forethought,discretion; warning, admonition,advice, counsel.

Ant. Temerity, heedlessness,unguardedness, improvidence,imprudence.

Cavalier, a. Arrogant, haughty,overbearing, insolent, disdainful.

Ant. Courteous; subservient,servile; civil, polite.

Cavil. Carp, object, censure.

Ant. Approve, allow, concede.

Cavity. Opening, gap, aperture,hole, fissure.

Ant. Obstruction, filling.

Cease. End, finish, desist, leaveoff, quit, stop, refrain, abstain,discontinue, pause, terminate.

Ant. Begin, commence, continue,50originate, inaugurate,start, set going, set in operation.

Celebrated. Famous, renowned,distinguished, famed, illustrious,eminent, glorious, notable,exalted.

Ant. Obscure, unknown, unnotable,mean, insignificant, inconspicuous.

Celebration. Solemnization, observance,commemoration, laudation,praise, commendation.

Ant. Oblivion, desuetude,non-observance.

Celebrity. Fame, renown, reputation,glory, honor, repute,eminence, distinction; person ofnote, “lion.”

Ant. Obscurity, ignominy,disgrace, contempt, meanness;infamy; oblivion.

Celerity. Rapidity, speed, haste,velocity, swiftness, fleetness,despatch.

Ant. Slowness, tardiness, inertness.

Celestial. Heavenly, angelic, supernal,ethereal, atmospheric,immortal, seraphic, divine, godlike.

Ant. Earthly, terrestrial;human, mortal; infernal.

Censure. Blame, disapproval, reproach,disapprobation, reprimand,condemnation, remonstrance,rebuke.

Ant. Praise, approval, eulogy,commendation, encouragement.

Center. Middle, midst.

Ant. Perimeter, rim, bound,circumference, boundary.

Central. Convenient, medial, accessible.

Ant. Remote, inaccessible,inconvenient.

Centralize. Concentrate, collect,localize.

Ant. Disperse, distribute.

Ceremonial, n. Ritual, rites,formalities, etiquette.

Ceremonial, a. Ritualistic, formal,official, ministerial, pompous,sumptuous, scenic, functional.

Ant. Private, unostentatious,undramatic, unimposing,unassuming.

Ceremonious. Stately, lofty,courtly; formal, studied, punctilious;prim, precise.

Ant. Brusk, blunt, supercilious,plain, simple.

Certain. Sure, infallible, positive,undeniable, unfailing; assured,fixed, regular, established;true, accurate, unmistakable.

Ant. Dubious, irregular, undecided,doubtful, exceptional,casual.

Certainty. Assurance, conviction,confidence, positiveness.

Ant. Hesitation, doubt, misgiving,conjecture, indecision.

Certify. Acknowledge, avow, declare,prove, inform, assure, attest.

Ant. Disavow, misinform,disprove.

Cessation. Stop, pause, abeyance,suspension, lull, respite.

Ant. Incessancy, continuity,continuance.

Chafe. Vex, irritate, gall, rub,chagrin, tease, worry, harass,annoy, fret; rage, fume; nettle,exasperate, anger.

Ant. Soothe, coax, calm, console,humor; submit, endure,succumb.

Chaff. Banter, badinage, nonsense,frivolity; refuse, trash.

Ant. Sense, reason, pith,gist, seriousness, substance.

Chagrin. Humiliation, shame,mortification, confusion, discomposure,dismay, disappointment.

51Ant. Delight, glory, exultation,triumph, rejoicing.

Challenge, v. Dare, brave, defy;demand, require, claim; objectto, take exceptions.

Ant. Pass, allow, grant,concede, permit; retract, retreat.

Champion. Defender, protector,vindicator; hero, winner, chief,victor, combatant.

Ant. Renegade, traitor, deserter,coward; adversary, opponent.

Chance. Hazard, casualty, accident,luck, fortune.

Ant. Law, sequence, purpose,design, intention, causation,certainty.

Change, n. Transformation, variation,transition, conversion,innovation, diversion, novelty,variety, vicissitude, alteration,transmutation.

Ant. Fixity, identity, constancy,uniformity, firmness,permanence, persistence, steadiness.

Change, v. Alter, transform,vary, turn, veer, shift, qualify,modify, exchange, diversify,convert, metamorphose, substitute.

Ant. Continue, endure, stay,hold, keep, retain, abide, remain,persist.

Changeless. Stationary, undeviating,immovable, reliable, consistent.

Ant. Fluctuating, vacillating,capricious, variable, plastic.

Character. Mark, figure, sign,symbol, emblem, letter; constitution,nature, disposition, turn,cast, bent; temperament, moralqualities, personality, traits,habits; person, individual; repute,reputation.

Ant. Anonymousness; disrepute;vagueness; indefiniteness.

Characteristic. Attribute, peculiarity,trait, sign, indication,mark, feature, distinction, singularity,property, idiosyncrasy.

Ant. Nondescript, generality,miscellany, commonness.

Charge, v. Load, freight, burden;intrust; impute, ascribe;accuse, impeach, incriminate,arraign, indict; command, order,require, bid; attack, assault.

Ant. Free, acquit, liberate,discharge.

Charitable. Benign, bountiful,liberal; lenient, mild, considerate.

Ant. Selfish, harsh, exacting,revengeful, churlish, censorious.

Charity. Benevolence, liberality,bounty, generosity, philanthropy.

Ant. Harshness, ill will,malignity, malevolence.

Charlatan. Quack, mountebank,impostor, pretender, humbug,cheat.

Ant. Victim, dupe, gull.

Charm. Spell, incantation, enchantment;fascination, attraction,allurement; witchery, sorcery,magic, necromancy.

Ant. Fear, repulsion, disenchantment,disillusion.

Chary. Careful, cautious, wary;frugal, sparing, saving, reluctant.

Ant. Liberal, lavish, profuse,extravagant.

Chase. Pursue, track, hunt, follow,prosecute; emboss, enchase.

Ant. Flee, shun, elude,evade; abandon, relinquish.

Chaste. Pure, spotless, immaculate,modest, virtuous, simple,refined, classic, elegant.

52Ant. Corrupt, impure,flashy, gaudy; coarse, inelegant.

Chasten. Discipline, chastise,subdue, afflict, punish, soften,try.

Ant. Indulge, pamper, spoil,demoralize.

Chattels. Goods, wares, effects,furniture.

Ant. Freehold.

Cheap. Common, inexpensive,mean, worthless, vile, paltry,low-priced, poor, indifferent.

Ant. Rare, costly, expensive,high, precious.

Cheat, n. Fraud, trick, artifice,swindle, deceit, fiction, imposture.

Ant. Truth, reality, fact,honesty, authenticity, certainty,openness, sincerity.

Check, v. Restrain, curb, stop,bridle, hinder, impede, inhibit;reprove, chide, reprimand, rebuke.

Ant. License, indulge, allow,loose, liberate, abet, instigate.

Cheer, n. Gladness, joy, gaiety,mirth, merriment, cheerfulness,happiness, hope, conviviality,plenty, hospitality.

Ant. Gloom, dearth, sullenness,niggardliness, unsociableness.

Cheerful. Glad, lively, mirthful,animated, jocund, jolly,blithe, buoyant, merry, joyous.

Ant. Gloomy, dejected, unhappy,lifeless, dull, depressing,melancholy, joyless, dispiriting.

Cherish. Foster, nurture, protect,shelter, treasure, comfort,cheer.

Ant. Abandon, afflict, check,discourage.

Chief, a. Head, important, excellent,high, principal, consummate.

Ant. Subordinate, minor, inferior.

Chieftain. Captain, commander,general, leader, chief.

Ant. Vassal, minion, adherent,retainer, attendant, follower.

Childish. Puerile, weak, infantine;silly, foolish, trivial, trifling.

Ant. Manly, strong, wise,sagacious; important, momentous.

Chimerical. Visionary, imaginary,unreal, dreamy, fanciful,fabulous.

Ant. Real, actual, substantial,veritable.

Chivalrous. Knightly, gallant,gentlemanly, heroic, valiant,spirited.

Ant. Dastardly, recreant,sneaking.

Choice, n. Option, preference,alternative, selection, election,free will.

Ant. Necessity, compulsion;refusal; force; fate, predestination.

Choice, a. Select, dainty, rare,valuable, cherished, exquisite,precious.

Ant. Common, ordinary, despicable,cheap, inferior.

Choose. Select, pick out, cull,prefer, elect.

Ant. Cast away, reject, decline,refuse, leave, throwaside.

Chronicle. Annals, records, register,memorials, archives, history.

Ant. Legend, romance, tradition.

Cipher. Zero, nothing, nonentity,naught; character, symbol,device, monogram; secret character,private alphabet; nobody,person of no account.

Ant. Infinity; somebody, celebrity,star, notability, colossus.

53Circular. Round, annular, spherical,ring-shaped.

Ant. Linear, direct, straight.

Circulate. Move in a circle; diffuse,spread, disseminate, promulgate,propagate, publish, notify;travel.

Ant. Suppress, hush, cease,stagnate; center, monopolize,appropriate.

Circumference. Periphery, circuit,boundary, outline, enclosure.

Ant. Center, interior.

Circumlocution. Verbosity, prolixity,wordiness, diffuseness,periphrasis, redundance, tautology.

Ant. Brevity, compression,condensation, shortness, succinctness,terseness, compactness,conciseness, directness,plainness.

Circumscribe. Define, limit, delineate,enclose, confine, restrict.

Ant. Distend, dilate, expand,amplify, enlarge, extend.

Circumspect. Cautious, wary,heedful, attentive, careful, prudent,watchful, scrupulous, vigilant.

Ant. Careless, reckless, incautious,heedless, unwary.

Circumstance. Event, situation,occurrence, position, detail,incident, feature, accompaniment,particular, point,item, condition.

Ant. Deed, case, transaction,business, affair.

Cite. Call, summon, name, select,refer to, quote, mention.

Ant. Discard, dismiss, dispute,contradict, reject, challenge,disprove.

Citizen. Inhabitant, dweller,townsman, burgher, resident,subject, denizen.

Ant. Foreigner, alien, exile,visitor, tramp, transient, tourist,sight-seer.

Civilization. Culture, cultivation,refinement, amelioration,humanization.

Ant. Demoralization, savagery,barbarism, rudeness.

Claim, n. Assertion, requisition,demand, call; title, privilege,right, pretension.

Ant. Disclaimer, surrender,abjuration, waiver.

Claim, v. Demand, ask, require,call for, assert, insist, request,maintain, pretend.

Ant. Repudiate, waive, concede,forego, abjure.

Clamor, n. Noise, uproar, hubbub,outcry, vociferation, exclamation.

Ant. Silence, reticence, acquiescence;repression, stifling.

Clandestine. Secret, private,furtive, stealthy, underhand,sly, surreptitious, hidden.

Ant. Open, aboveboard, sincere,frank.

Class. Company, grade, order,rank, caste, clan, circle, association,club, clique, coterie, set.

Classical. Refined, elegant, polished,chaste, pure.

Ant. Corrupt, barbarous,uncouth, debased, inelegant.

Classification. Grouping, disposition,arrangement, distribution,category, genus, designation,order, species, nature,character; homogeneity.

Ant. Individuality, speciality,singularity, distinction,heterogeneity.

Clause. Portion, section, passage,paragraph, stipulation,article, chapter, provision.

Ant. Document, instrument,writing.

Clean, a. Pure, neat, clear, spotless,cleansed, untarnished, upright.

54Ant. Foul, impure, untidy,hampered, unclean.

Cleanse. Purify, wash, clean,disinfect, lave, scour, sponge,scrub, sweep, wipe, rinse, dust,purge.

Ant. Defile, pollute, stain,deprave, sully, taint, befoul,contaminate, corrupt, vitiate.

Clear, a. Pure, bright, transparent,free, serene, unclouded, obvious,manifest, pellucid, unadorned,plain, distinct, evident,lucid, intelligible, explicit,straightforward, perspicuous.

Ant. Mysterious, unintelligible,vague, opaque, foggy, dim,cloudy, dubious, turbid, ambiguous.

Clever. Gifted, expert, capable,apt, bright, ingenious, quick-witted,skilful, adroit, dexterous,intellectual, happy, smart,talented, keen, knowing, intelligent,quick, sharp.

Ant. Foolish, slow, stupid,idiotic, thickheaded, witless,bungling, awkward, dull, ignorant,clumsy, senseless.

Climax. Acme, top, summit, culmination,height, consummation,zenith, head.

Ant. Base, floor, nadir, anticlimax,depth; bathos.

Cling. Stick, cleave, fasten, hold,adhere.

Ant. Drop, relax, swerve,let go.

Close. Packed, condensed, compressed,narrow, restricted,solid; secret, reserved; niggardly.

Ant. Ample, wide, open, spacious,patent, public, advertised;open-handed, free, liberal.

Clownish. Rude, rustic, boorish,awkward, clumsy, bucolic, cloddish.

Ant. Polite, affable, civil,urbane.

Clumsy. Awkward, inexpert, uncouth,bungling, unskilful, unwieldly.

Ant. Neat, skilful, clever,expert, adroit, dexterous, workmanlike.

Coalesce. Blend, mix, harmonize,unite, consolidate, combine,adhere.

Ant. Disagree, sunder, separate,sever.

Coalition. League, union, alliance,confederacy, combination,compact, amalgamation.

Ant. Disruption, rebellion,disagreement, sedition, mutiny.

Coarse. Of large fibers, crude,rough, gross; indecent, indelicate,unrefined, unpolished, vulgar,common, ordinary.

Ant. Fine, choice, delicate,gentle.

Coax. Wheedle, flatter, cajole,fawn, allure, seduce, circumvent.

Ant. Coerce, impel, drive,intimidate.

Coerce. Impel, restrain, inhibit,force, compel, drive, check, intimidate.

Ant. Persuade, coax, permit,urge, induce, tempt.

Coexistent. Contemporary, concurrent,coincident, simultaneous.

Ant. Preceding or succeeding.

Cogent. Forcible, powerful, effective,irresistible, convincing,conclusive, persuasive, potent,urgent.

Ant. Weak, feeble, powerless,ineffectual.

Cogitate. Meditate, think, reflect,consider, ponder, contemplate.

Ant. Dream, idle, wish.

Cognizance. Knowledge, observation,notice, recognition, experience.

55Ant. Ignorance, oversight,neglect.

Coherent. Compact, consecutive,close, logical, consistent.

Ant. Rambling, loose, discursive,aberrant.

Coincidence. Chance, fortuity,harmony, agreement, casualty,concurrence, contemporaneousness.

Ant. Design, purpose, asynchronism,anachronism, difference.

Cold. Frigid, chilly, frosty, icy,polar, wintry; dull, lifeless, unimpassioned,sluggish, apathetic,indifferent, spiritless.

Ant. Hot, warm, ardent, impassioned,fiery, burning, fervid,vehement, passionate.

Colleague. Associate, coadjutor,collaborator, helper, companion,partner, assistant, ally, confederate.

Ant. Opponent, rival, antagonist,competitor.

Collect. Gather, glean, amass,garner, muster, congregate, assemble,convoke, accumulate.

Ant. Distribute, dispense,divide, assort, deal.

Collision. Clash, shock, impact,concussion, encounter, contact,opposition, conflict.

Ant. Divergence; concord,harmony, agreement, coincidence,concert, unity, amity,unison.

Colloquy. Dialogue, conversation,talk, discourse, consultation,conference.

Ant. Babel, tumult, outcry,clamor; silence, taciturnity.

Collusion. Connivance, accompliceship,confederacy.

Ant. Frustration, betrayal,exposure.

Color. Hue, tint, tinge, shade,complexion; pigment, paint;pretense, speciousness, varnish,appearance, semblance, excuse,makeshift.

Ant. Paleness; transparency,openness.

Combat. Conflict, encounter,battle, struggle, contest, contention.

Ant. Truce, surrender, mediation.

Combination. Association, connection,union; alliance, league;mixture, compound.

Ant. Division, disruption,analysis, dissolution.

Comfortable. Agreeable, satisfactory,pleasant, convenient,commodious, snug, genial.

Ant. Miserable, distressed,forlorn, wretched, cheerless.

Comic. Laughable, droll, funny,comical, farcical, ludicrous, ridiculous.

Ant. Serious, solemn, grave,tragic, melancholy.

Command. Order, direct, bid,instruct, charge, enjoin; rule,govern.

Ant. Beg, petition, supplicate,entreat; obey, yield, comply.

Commemorate. Celebrate, observe,perpetuate.

Ant. Forget, abolish, ignore.

Commence. Begin, start, inaugurate,undertake.

Ant. Finish, conclude, terminate.

Commend. Approve, encourage,applaud, praise.

Ant. Blame, condemn, censure,denounce.

Comment. Remark, observe, explain,note, expound, interpret,illustrate.

Ant. Confuse, obscure, mystify,confound, misrepresent.

Commerce. Trade, traffic, business,exchange.

Ant. Embargo, inactivity,boycott.

56Commit. Assign, confide, trust,relegate, entrust, consign.

Ant. Omit, let pass, disregard,misconsign.

Commodious. Ample, spacious,convenient, comfortable, suitable.

Ant. Narrow, cramped, ill-contrived.

Commodity. Staple, ware, stock,produce, article.

Ant. Drug, refuse.

Common. Ordinary, habitual,everyday, familiar, frequent;coarse, vulgar, mean, low.

Ant. Exceptional, scarce, refined,rare.

Commotion. Excitement, disturbance,agitation, turmoil, tumult,disorder.

Ant. Quiet, tranquillity,calm, subsidence, pacification.

Communicate. Divulge, impart,disclose, tell, announce, publish.

Ant. Secrete, suppress, conceal,withhold, reserve; repress;disavow.

Communion. Fellowship, intercourse,participation.

Ant. Alienation, exclusion,deprivation, ostracism.

Community. Aggregation, society,commonwealth, neighborhood;fraternity, similarity,sympathy, homogeneity.

Ant. Hostility, animosity,heterogeneity.

Commute. Exchange, replace,barter, compensate, mitigate,modify, lessen, diminish.

Ant. Disallow; charge; increase,enlarge.

Compact, n. Agreement, bond,contract, treaty, covenant.

Ant. Promise, intention.

Compact, a. Dense, close, solid,firm, compressed; concise, terse,pithy, short, brief, laconic, compendious,succinct, sententious.

Ant. Diffuse; sparse, straggling;broadspread, unshapely;prolix, verbose.

Companion. Associate, partner,mate, comrade, colleague.

Ant. Rival, antagonist, adversary.

Companionable. Sociable, pleasant,affable, genial, friendly,agreeable.

Ant. Reserved, haughty, distant,cold, solitary, inaccessible.

Company. Concourse, gathering,crowd, throng, meeting, multitude,assembly, conclave, conference,congregation, convention,convocation.

Ant. Privacy, retirement,solitude, dispersion, loneliness,seclusion.

Compare. Collate, estimate, declaresimilar, liken, parallel.

Ant. Contrast, disconnect,pit, distinguish.

Compass. Surround, enclose; effect,achieve, consummate, complete.

Ant. Expand, liberate; fail,bungle, mismanage.

Compassion. Pity, sympathy,condolence, kindness, clemency,mercy.

Ant. Cruelty, antipathy, retaliation,vindictiveness.

Compatible. Consistent, accordant,congruous, congenial, harmonious.

Ant. Hostile, adverse, impossible,destructive, contradictory.

Compel. Force, oblige, make necessary,coerce, constrain, necessitate.

Ant. Hinder, prevent, delay,block, hamper, encumber.

Compensation. Recompense, reward,requital, satisfaction,reparation, amends, indemnification.

Ant. Damage, injury, deprivation.

57Compete. Contend, rival, strive,struggle.

Ant. Share, participate.

Competence. Ability, capableness;sufficiency, enough, adequacy.

Ant. Inability, weakness;poverty, want, indigence.

Competition. Rivalry, emulation,contest.

Ant. Alliance, co-partnership.

Complacent. Pleased, satisfied,contented, amiable, pleasant, affable.

Ant. Morose, austere, unmannerly.

Complain. Murmur, grumble,remonstrate, find fault, repine,lament, grieve, expostulate.

Ant. Approve, commend, applaud,congratulate, rejoice.

Complement. Fulfilment, totality,counterpart, supply, correlative.

Ant. Deficit, abatement, deficiency.

Complete, a. Perfect, finished,total, whole, entire; concluded,consummated, ended; adequate,exhaustive, thorough.

Ant. Partial, inadequate,imperfect, unfinished.

Complex. Confused, involved,mixed, entangled, complicated,composite, manifold, mingled,intricate, obscure.

Ant. Direct, obvious, plain,uniform, simple, homogeneous,unraveled.

Complexion. Face, feature, appearance,look, hue, character,indication.

Ant. Heart, core; reticence,concealment, inexpression.

Compliance. Yielding, submission,acquiescence, docility, obedience.

Ant. Resistance, repulsion,refusal.

Compliment. Flattery, praise,homage, commendation, encomium.

Ant. Insult, contempt, discourtesy.

Complimentary. Commendatory,flattering, laudatory.

Ant. Disparaging, abusive,defamatory, denunciatory.

Component. Constituent, factor,element, ingredient.

Ant. Compound, entirety,sum, aggregate.

Comport. Conduct, behave, demean;accord, agree, harmonize.

Ant. Contrast, militate, differ;misdemean, misconduct.

Compose. Compile, construct,constitute; soothe, allay, calm;write.

Ant. Analyze, dissect; irritate,excite; criticize.

Composition. Formation, making;compound, mixture; arrangement,union, combination;writing, invention; agreement,compromise.

Ant. Examination, analysis,criticism; disturbance; segregation.

Composure. Tranquillity, calm,repose, self-possession, serenity.

Ant. Restlessness, perturbation.

Compound, n. Mixture, combination,amalgamation, coalescence,synthesis.

Ant. Analysis, dissolution,resolution.

Comprehend. Understand, conceive,grasp; include, enclose,embrace.

Ant. Misunderstand, misconstrue;except, exclude.

Comprehension. Conception, understanding,perception, apprehension,capacity, intellect, reason,mind, intelligence.

Ant. Idiocy, nescience, misunderstanding,misconception.

58Comprehensive. Ample, wide,inclusive, extensive, capacious,compendious.

Ant. Narrow, shallow, restricted.

Compress. Condense, squeeze,contract, epitomize, abridge.

Ant. Expand, diffuse, dilate.

Comprise. Include, involve, contain,comprehend, embrace, imply.

Ant. Except, bar out, omit,reject.

Compromise. Adjust, arbitrate,settle; engage, pledge, commit;implicate, involve, endanger.

Ant. Contend, fight; repudiate,disallow; exonerate, extricate.

Compulsion. Force, coercion,constraint, control.

Ant. Coaxing, persuasion,inducement.

Compunction. Regret, remorse,contrition, penitence.

Ant. Assurance, self-complacency,satisfaction.

Compute. Number, calculate,reckon, count; value, estimate,appraise.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, surmise.

Comrade. Companion, compeer,colleague, associate, partner,friend.

Ant. Opponent; stranger,alien.

Concatenation. Connection, continuity;series, chain, succession.

Ant. Intermission, severing,disconnection.

Concave. Hollow, depressed, excavated.

Ant. Convex, protuberant,tumular.

Conceal. Hide, suppress, secrete,disguise.

Ant. Reveal, expose, makemanifest, lay bare, confess, publish,divulge.

Concede. Surrender, admit, resign,yield, allow.

Ant. Refuse, claim, contend,contradict, deny, contest.

Conceit. Notion, whim, vagary,idea, abstraction, affectation,imagination.

Ant. Reality, fact, substance;simplicity, humility.

Conceited. Egoistical, opinionated,vain.

Ant. Simple, unassuming,unaffected.

Conceive. Imagine, apprehend,believe, design, think, understand.

Ant. Express, produce, execute.

Concentrate. Convene, assemble,congregate, muster, centralize.

Ant. Scatter, disperse, dispense,dismiss.

Concern. Interest, anxiety, solicitude;affair, matter, institution.

Ant. Indifference, carelessness,disregard.

Concerning. About, regarding,in relation to, respecting, inrespect to, relative to, of.

Ant. Disregarding, omitting.

Concert. Agreement, harmony,concord, concordance, combination,union, association.

Ant. Opposition, disagreement,discord.

Concession. Surrender, grant,boon, acknowledgment, admission.

Ant. Refusal, denial, withdrawal.

Conciliate. Win, gain, pacify,reconcile, propitiate.

Ant. Alienate, irritate, estrange,lose, antagonize.

Concise. Succinct, condensed,terse, pregnant, pointed, brief,short, laconic.

59Ant. Prolix, verbose, diffuse,discursive, rambling, pointless.

Conclave. Assembly, synod, cabinet,council, bureau.

Ant. Throng, mob, populace,concourse, crowd.

Conclude. Close, end, terminate,finish; decide, determine.

Ant. Begin, commence, undertake,initiate; prolong, protract.

Conclusion. End, termination,finale, finis.

Ant. Commencement, beginning,initiation.

Conclusive. Final, decisive, positive,definitive, indisputable.

Ant. Dubious, vague, uncertain,problematical, theoretical,indeterminate.

Concoct. Brew, prepare, compound,mix.

Ant. Spoil, upset, overbrew.

Concoction. Compound, brew,mixture; scheme, fiction.

Ant. Rawness, crudity; simplicity.

Concomitant. Attending, coincident,attendant, synchronous.

Ant. Antecedent; diverse,unconnected; subsequent.

Concord. Harmony, agreement,friendship, unanimity, accord.

Ant. Variance, animosity,discord.

Concourse. Assembly, throng,crowd, mob, assemblage, gathering,multitude.

Ant. Conclave, cabal, cabinet;desert, solitude.

Concrete. Solid, firm, compact;complex, conglomerate; individualized,specific, particular.

Ant. Loose, shifting, yielding,unresisting; abstract, general.

Concur. Approve, harmonize,agree; help, combine, conspire.

Ant. Disagree, dissent, part,differ, disapprove, separate.

Concussion. Collision, encounter,crash, impact, percussion.

Ant. Inter-divergence; escape;tangency; failure, missing.

Condemn. Blame, censure, denounce,convict, sentence, reprove,doom.

Ant. Acquit, exonerate, absolve,pardon, justify, praise,approve.

Condense. Concentrate, abridge,shorten.

Ant. Expand, amplify, enlarge.

Condescend. Deign, vouchsafe,stoop.

Ant. Scorn, spurn, disdain.

Condescension. Graciousness, favor.

Ant. Arrogance, haughtiness,pride.

Condign. Adequate, deserved,merited, suitable, meet, just.

Ant. Unmerited, inadequate;excessive or scant.

Condiment. Sauce, seasoning,preserve, pickle, relish, appetizer.

Condition. Situation, case, circumstances,plight; rank, estate,grade; proviso, consideration,stipulation.

Ant. Concession, adaptation;relation, dependence.

Conditionally. Provided, provisionally,hypothetically, contingently.

Ant. Absolutely, positively,categorically.

Condole. Console, commiserate,sympathize.

Ant. Congratulate, rally, exhilarate.

Condone. Pardon, overlook, forgive.

Ant. Atone, expiate, satisfy.

Conduce. Subserve, promote,forward, advance, contribute to,aid.

60Ant. Defeat; counteract,neutralize.

Conduct. Lead, direct, guide,convoy, escort; command, govern;manage, regulate; rule,superintend.

Ant. Mislead; mismanage;follow.

Confection. Candy, cake, condiment,concoction, sweetmeat.

Confederacy, Confederation.Alliance, league, treaty, union,coalition, federation, compact.

Ant. Secession, disruption,disunion.

Conference. Discourse, conversation,talk; interview, colloquy,parley, consultation; convention,convocation, meeting.

Ant. Silence; monologue;dispersion.

Confess. Acknowledge, admit,disclose, own, allow, grant, concede,avow.

Ant. Deny, conceal, repudiate,disavow, hide, dissemble.

Confession. Admission, avowal,acknowledgment; creed, doctrines,tenets, catechism, subscription.

Ant. Heresy, apostasy, protest,refutation, renunciation,abjuration.

Confide. Trust, rely, lean, hope,depend, believe, put confidencein.

Ant. Doubt, mistrust, disbelieve,disprove, despair of.

Confident. Assured, sure, positive,certain; bold, presumptuous,impudent, sanguine.

Ant. Dubious, doubtful, undecided,vacillating.

Confidential. Intimate, secret,private; trusty, faithful.

Ant. Public, patent, open;treacherous, insidious, traitorous.

Configuration. Outline, shape,form, contour.

Ant. Shapelessness, indeterminateness;distortion, deformity.

Confine, v. Limit, bound, imprison,restrict, circumscribe,enclose.

Ant. Widen, expand, liberate,unfasten, loosen, extend,dilate.

Confirm. Sanction, uphold, assure,establish, strengthen, substantiate,settle, corroborate.

Ant. Shatter, weaken, upset,annul, abrogate, cancel, destroy,shake.

Confiscate. Forfeit, seize, escheat,condemn, sequestrate.

Ant. Release, restore, refund.

Conflagration. Fire, arson, ignition,incendiarism, combustion.

Ant. Extinction, quenching;smoldering.

Conflict. Contest, battle, struggle,encounter; clashing, interference,disagreement, discord.

Ant. Amity, reconciliation,pacification, arbitration.

Conform. Agree, consent, harmonize,comply, correspond,comport.

Ant. Dissent, disagree; antagonize,secede; vary, differ.

Confound. Confuse, perplex, bewilder,mystify; surprise, astonish,astound, startle; destroy,ruin, overwhelm; disconcert,abash, shame.

Ant. Clear, set right, arrange,enlighten; save, protect;calm, console, soothe, restore.

Confront. Oppose, threaten, encounter,challenge, face, intimidate.

Ant. Encourage, abet, countenance.

Confuse. Mingle, confound; derange,disturb, perplex, embarrass,obscure, mortify.

61Ant. Arrange; relieve, assist,allay; calm, restore.

Congeal. Freeze, convert to ice,benumb.

Ant. Melt, thaw, dissolve.

Congenial. Kindred, similar,sympathetic, suited, natural,proper, agreeable.

Ant. Disagreeable, abhorrent,unnatural, alien, dissimilar,unsuited, unsympathetic.

Congenital. Coeval, connatural,innate, inherent, ingenerate.

Ant. Unnatural, assumed,extraneous, acquired, artificial,adventitious.

Congeries, Congestion. Conglomeration,aggregation, accumulation,plethora, repletion.

Ant. Dissipation, diffusion,clearance, dispersion.

Congratulate. Felicitate, compliment,rejoice with.

Ant. Console, condole with,commiserate.

Congregate. Assemble, collect,meet, convene, gather, throng.

Ant. Disperse, disappear,separate, part, scatter.

Congregation. Assembly, meeting,audience, conference.

Ant. Dispersion, dismissal.

Congress. Parliament, conclave,cabinet, council, assembly, legislature,synod, convention, conference.

Ant. Cabal, sedition, uprising,mob; intrigue.

Congruous. Accordant, agreeing,harmonious, coherent, suitable,consistent, proper, appropriate.

Ant. Discordant, heterogeneous,inharmonious, improper,unsuitable.

Conjecture, n. Supposition, surmise,guess, hypothesis, theory,notion, divination.

Ant. Calculation, inference,deduction, proof; fact, surety,certainty, security.

Conjuncture. Combination, concurrence;emergency, crisis, exigency,juncture.

Ant. Provision, preparation,arrangement.

Connection. Conjunction, combination,union, association, dependence.

Ant. Independence, disjunction,dissociation, dissolution.

Conquer. Overcome, subjugate,master, vanquish, subdue, rout,defeat, overpower, overthrow,prevail over, reduce, win, surmount,worst, checkmate, beat,crush, down, discomfit.

Ant. Surrender, capitulate,cede, forfeit, fly, yield, retreat,withdraw, retire, submit, succumb,fall, lose, resign, fail.

Conquest. Victory, subjugation,triumph.

Ant. Defeat, failure, surrender,submission.

Conscience. Moral sense, intuition,integrity, principle.

Ant. Irresponsibility, laxity,undutifulness, unscrupulousness.

Conscientious. Scrupulous, exact,upright, high-principled,honest, honorable, equitable, incorruptible,fair, faithful.

Ant. Lax, unprincipled, unscrupulous,reprobate, dishonorable,faithless.

Conscious. Sensible, cognizant,aware, intelligent, advised, apprised,assured, sure, certain,informed; thinking, reflecting,rational, intellectual.

Ant. Insensible, unaware,ignorant, dead, cold, deaf; irrational,thoughtless.

Conscription. Drafting, impressment.

Ant. Volunteering, enlistment.

62Consecrate. Dedicate, ordain;sanctify, hallow.

Ant. Desecrate, defile.

Consecutive. Sequent, continuous,orderly, following.

Ant. Disordered, rambling,discursive, illogical.

Consent. Assent, approve, agree,yield, comply, acquiesce.

Ant. Refuse, resist, decline,dissent.

Consequence. Result, issue, sequel,effect, outgrowth, event,end, upshot; importance, dignity,moment.

Ant. Cause, occasion, origin;axiom, postulate, premise,antecedence; insignificance, paltriness.

Consequential. Following, resulting,coherent, cogent, connected;pompous, self-conceited,arrogant, vainglorious.

Ant. Incoherent, illogical;affable, accessible, humble, considerate.

Conservation. Protection, perpetuation,preservation, maintenance.

Ant. Neglect, exposure, destruction,abolition.

Conservative. Stationary, traditional,opposed to change.

Ant. Radical, progressive,changeable, transitional, modifiable,innovating.

Consider. Think, ponder, meditate,reflect, investigate, weigh,deliberate, observe, attend, regard.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, ignore,chance, hazard.

Considerate. Kindly, thoughtful,reflective, careful, prudent,deliberate, serious, charitable,forbearing, cautious.

Ant. Rash, careless, imprudent,thoughtless, rude, selfish,overbearing, injudicious.

Consignment. Custody, commission,delegation; sending,shipping.

Ant. Miscommitment.

Consistency. Density, solidity,compactness, coherence; agreement,congruity, correspondence,uniformity, harmony, invariableness.

Ant. Tenuity, subtility, volatility;incoherence, incongruity,contrariety, contradiction.

Console. Comfort, condole with,sympathize, encourage, soothe,assuage, solace.

Ant. Distress, grieve, disturb,annoy, sadden, trouble,wound, hurt.

Consolidate. Solidify, harden,condense, compress, compact;thicken, strengthen, solder, cement,fuse; conjoin, combine.

Ant. Dissolve, melt, vaporize,weaken, dissipate, sublimate,pulverize; dissect, disjoin.

Conspicuous. Visible, apparent,discernible, plain, clear, perceptible,noticeable; eminent, distinguished,prominent, famous,noted, manifest.

Ant. Invisible, microscopic,hidden, imperceptible, unseen;ordinary, mediocre, commonplace.

Conspiracy. Intrigue, treason,cabal, plot, machination, combination;sedition.

Ant. Legislation, congress,parliament, synod.

Constant. Fixed, immutable, invariable,unchanging, permanent,perpetual; resolute, firm,steady; persevering, assiduous;incessant, unbroken, continuous;faithful, true, loyal, devoted.

Ant. Irregular, exceptional,casual, incidental, fickle, faithless,broken, treacherous, untrustworthy,false.

Consternation. Amazement, terror,63alarm, dismay, panic, bewilderment.

Ant. Fearlessness, boldness,composure, presence of mind.

Constituent. Elector, patron,voter, supporter, sender; ingredient,component, element.

Ant. Representative, nominee;constitution, system, compound,whole.

Constitution. Organization, formation;quality, character, temperament,peculiarity, characteristic;charter, law.

Ant. Conspiracy, rebellion,tyranny, anarchy, despotism,destruction, disorganization;disposition, mood, frame ofmind, temper.

Construct. Build, erect, invent,form, shape, combine.

Ant. Demolish, overthrow,destroy, derange.

Construction. Building, erection,composition, fabrication;structure, formation, form, figure;explanation, version, rendering,interpretation.

Ant. Dislocation, dismemberment,dissolution; misunderstanding,misconception.

Consult. Deliberate, take counsel,confer, advise with, canvass,question, consider, regard.

Ant. Dictate, counteract,contradict.

Consume. Eat up, devour; destroy,lavish, dissipate, waste,spend.

Ant. Discard, reject, throwaside; preserve, replenish, supply,provide.

Consummate, a. Perfect, excellent,supreme, finished, complete.

Ant. Common, faulty, defective,ordinary, mediocre.

Consummation. Achievement,attainment, completion, termination,accomplishment, fulfilment,realization, close, finish,finale.

Ant. Beginning, attempt, inception,initiation, source, origin.

Consumption. Expenditure, use,waste, extinction, destruction.

Ant. Development, increase,growth, enlargement, augmentation.

Contact. Touch, junction, contiguity,closeness, union.

Ant. Adjacence, proximity;separation, distance, isolation.

Contagion. Infection; contamination,taint, pestilence, corruption.

Ant. Prevention; antisepsis,disinfection.

Contain. Include, embody, comprehend,comprise, embrace; restrain,hold.

Ant. Omit, exclude, drop,discharge; yield, give way.

Contaminate. Taint, defile, corrupt,sully.

Ant. Cleanse, purify.

Contemn. Despise, scorn, disdain,slight.

Ant. Venerate, respect.

Contemplate. Meditate, study,ponder, survey, reflect; intend,design.

Ant. Overlook, waive, abandon;execute, complete, do.

Contemptible. Despicable, abject,base, worthless, mean, low.

Ant. Respectable, venerable;worthy, estimable, important,grave.

Contend. Strive, fight, struggle,combat; debate, argue, dispute;affirm, assert, maintain, claim.

Ant. Concede, allow, surrender.

Content. Satisfied, pleased, easy,willing, resigned, gratified.

Ant. Reluctant, unwilling,unsatisfied, rebellious, discontent.

64Contention. Strife, dissension,quarrel, rupture, dispute, debate,controversy, altercation.

Ant. Peace, amity, harmony,concord, reconciliation.

Contingent, a. Casual, happening,fortuitous, dependent, incidental,provisional, uncertain.

Ant. Independent, absolute,positive, uncontrolled, uninfluenced,unaffected.

Continual. Incessant, ceaseless,invariable, perpetual, constant,uninterrupted, unbroken, unremitting,continuous.

Ant. Exceptional, irregular,casual, contingent, intermittent,interrupted, suspended.

Continually. Constantly, perpetually,ever, always, repeatedly,frequently, continuously.

Ant. Occasionally, rarely,sometimes.

Continue. Remain, endure, persist;abide, stay, tarry; persevere,be constant or steadfast.

Ant. Stop, cease, fail, pause.

Contract, n. Compact, stipulation,agreement, arrangement,bargain, covenant, pact, obligation,pledge, engagement,bond.

Ant. Promise, parole, assurance,understanding, assumption.

Contract, v. Narrow, abbreviate,abridge, lessen, reduce, compress;shrivel, shrink; agree,stipulate, bargain.

Ant. Expand, amplify, dilate;reverse, cancel, abandon.

Contradict. Deny, gainsay, dispute,impugn, controvert; oppose,counteract, annul, thwart,abrogate.

Ant. Maintain, argue, confirm,state, affirm, endorse.

Contrary. Opposite, opposed, adverse,counter; conflicting, contradictory,antagonistic, repugnant;perverse, obstinate, stubborn,headstrong.

Ant. Compatible, agreeing,kindred, compliant, submissive;consistent.

Contrast, v. Differentiate, discriminate,oppose, compare.

Ant. Resemble, be like orsimilar, liken, harmonize.

Contribute. Add, give, coöperate,assist, subscribe, supply.

Ant. Refuse, withhold, deny.

Contribution. Donation, offering,gift, subscription, subsidy,aid, assistance.

Ant. Withholding, retention,reservation.

Contrive. Plan, design, devise,invent, project, form, frame,scheme, plot, consider; manage,make out; concert, adjust.

Ant. Hit, chance, venture,bungle, hazard; mismanage,miscontrive.

Control, v. Direct, manage, rule,command, sway, superintend;hinder, repress, restrain, curb,check.

Ant. License, free; neglect,abandon; mismanage, misconduct.

Controversy. Dispute, altercation,contention, disagreement.

Ant. Agreement, unanimity,coincidence.

Contumacy. Obstinacy, stubbornness,perverseness, pertinacity,obduracy; disobedience,insolence.

Ant. Docility, tractableness,flattering, fawning, servility.

Contumely. Obloquy, reproach,opprobrium, insolence, abuse,contempt, scorn, disdain, arrogance.

Ant. Regard, consideration,adulation, obsequiousness.

Convene. Assemble, meet, congregate,summon, master, collect.

65Ant. Dismiss, disperse, disband,dissipate.

Convenient. Suitable, fit, appropriate,proper, adapted; advantageous,commodious, comfortable,useful, serviceable.

Ant. Inconvenient, useless,awkward, superfluous; inopportune.

Convention. Assemblage, conference,meeting, concourse, session,synod, congress, convocation;treaty, compact.

Ant. Recess, dissolution,prorogation; dispersion, scattering;promise, understanding,parole.

Conventional. Usual, customary,ordinary, habitual, regular,wonted, prevalent, social,everyday; stipulated.

Ant. Unusual, erratic, extraordinary;legal, compulsory.

Conversant. Familiar, skilled,acquainted, proficient, versed.

Ant. Strange, ignorant, unversed,unlearned.

Conversation. Converse, communion,intercourse, parley,talk, chat, conference, communication,discourse, colloquy,dialogue.

Ant. Speech, oration, harangue,soliloquy, apostrophe,monologue, silence, taciturnity.

Converse, a. Opposite, reverse,contrary, counter, contradictory.

Ant. Identical, one, same,indistinguishable; direct, primary.

Conversion. Alteration, transmutation,change, transformation.

Ant. Permanence, identity,persistence, conservation.

Convertible. Equivalent, interchangeable,identical; reversible.

Ant. Variant, contrary, incommensurate.

Convey. Take, transfer, move,change, carry, shift, transmit,transport, remove, consign, relegate.

Ant. Retain, preserve, hold,cling to, possess.

Conviction. Belief, assurance,persuasion; confutation, refutation;proof, detection.

Ant. Doubt, disbelief, misgiving;vindication, justification.

Convince. Persuade, satisfy, enlighten,indoctrinate, inoculate.

Ant. Mislead, mystify, perplex,puzzle, unsettle, upset;turn, convert.

Convivial. Social, festive, hospitable,jovial, jolly, companionable,gay.

Ant. Inhospitable, unsocial,unneighborly, churlish; abstemious,ascetic, austere.

Convocation. Convention, congress,assemblage, council,synod.

Ant. Dispersion, disruption,dismission, dismissal.

Convolution. Coil, involution,spiral, twist, contortion.

Ant. Unfolding, evolution,unraveling, explication.

Convoy. Escort, guard, attendance,protection.

Ant. Capture, betrayal, onset,onslaught, hold up.

Convulse. Disturb, shake, agitate.

Ant. Calm, compose, soothe,assuage.

Cool. Somewhat cold, chilling,frigid, freezing; unimpassioned,composed, collected, unruffled,self-possessed, sedate, placid,quiet; indifferent, unconcerned,apathetic.

Ant. Hot, warm, burning,heated, excitable, ardent, eager.

66Coöperate. Assist, abet, help,conspire, concur, co-labor.

Ant. Oppose, thwart, rival,counteract, conflict, hinder, defeat,frustrate.

Coördinate. Equal, equivalent,proportionate, commensurate,tantamount, equipollent.

Ant. Subordinate; disparate,extraneous; inferior, superior.

Copy. Portraiture, facsimile, duplicate,imitation, likeness, image,transcript, counterfeit.

Ant. Model, original, pattern,example, prototype, archetype,exemplar.

Cordial. Earnest, warm, hearty,ardent, affectionate, sincere, invigorating,refreshing, pleasing,grateful.

Ant. Cool, formal, ceremonious,distant, reserved, disinclined.

Corner. Angle, bend, crotch,knee; nook, recess, niche, retreat.

Ant. Abutment, protrusion,prominence, convexity, projection.

Corollary. Inference, conclusion,deduction, consequence.

Ant. Problem, proposition.

Corporal, Corporeal. Fleshly,bodily, material, physical.

Ant. Spiritual, mental, intellectual,moral, ethereal, immaterial.

Corps. Body of troops, divisionof army, squadron, band, company.

Ant. Aggregate, army, host,mass, force, organization.

Corpse. Remains, dead body, cadaver,carcass, dust.

Ant. Soul, spirit, individual,personality, mentality.

Corpulent. Fat, fleshy, plump,obese, portly, round, stout.

Ant. Lean, thin, attenuated,emaciated, slight, slender,frail.

Correct. True, exact, accurate,proper, faultless, right.

Ant. False, untrue, wrong,inexact, inaccurate, fallacious,defective.

Corrective. Regulative, preventive,alterative, preservative,rectifying, modifying, improving,reformatory.

Ant. Confirmative, stimulative,intensitive, provocative,conducive.

Correlation. Interrelation, correspondence,apposition, interdependence,mutuality, reciprocation,interchange, reciprocity.

Ant. Contradiction, independence,opposition, inconsistency,incongruity.

Correspond. Agree, suit, match,fit, tally, harmonize, answer,correlate, stand counter; communicate,write.

Ant. Vary, disagree, clash,jar; ignore, disregard, neglect.

Correspondence. Adaptation,agreement, congruity; writing,letter, despatches, communication.

Ant. Conversation; withdrawal,non-intercourse; incongruity,discord, disagreement.

Corroborate. Strengthen, establish,sustain, support, confirm.

Ant. Weaken, confute, rebut,invalidate, shake, enfeeble,overthrow.

Corrode. Consume, eat away,waste, impair, rust, canker,wear, crumble.

Ant. Renew, restore.

Corrupt, v. Defile, pollute, infect,taint, vitiate, demoralize,contaminate, debase, spoil, deteriorate.

Ant. Cleanse, purify, better,correct, ameliorate.

Corruption. Decay, decomposition,67pollution, defilement, infection,contamination, adulteration;depravity, immorality,laxity, wickedness; dishonesty,bribery.

Cost. Price, worth, expenditure,expense, charge, disbursement,outlay; preciousness, richness,splendor; loss, damage, pain.

Costume. Dress, livery, robes,uniform.

Ant. Disguise, incognito;nudity, nakedness.

Council. Cabinet, bureau, chamber,conclave, synod, convocation,meeting, conference, parliament,consultation, convention.

Ant. Cabal, league, conspiracy;multitude, mob.

Counsel. Advice, consultation,opinion, suggestion, recommendation,instruction, caution, admonition;deliberation, forethought;plan, design, scheme;purpose; lawyer, barrister, attorney.

Count. Compute, reckon, add,tell, estimate, number, enumerate,sum, calculate.

Ant. Guess, conjecture, surmise,think, fancy.

Countenance, v. Approve, support,sanction, help, aid, abet,encourage, patronize, befriend,assist, favor.

Ant. Oppose, confront, discourage,browbeat, face, compare,disparage.

Counter. Contrary, opposed, opposite,against.

Ant. Accordant with, coincident,consonant.

Counteract. Oppose, foil, baffle,thwart, hinder, rival, resist, defeat,cross, frustrate, neutralize.

Ant. Aid, coöperate, subserve,promote, advance, assist.

Counterfeit, n. Forgery, fraudulentcopy, cheat, artifice, pretense,sham, fabrication.

Ant. Exposure, detection;verity, fact, truth, reality.

Countermand. Abrogate, annul,revoke, rescind, recall, makevoid.

Ant. Order, command, bid,charge, enjoin, direct, instruct.

Counterpart. Duplicate, copy;correlative, complement, supplement,obverse; match, mate,tally, twin.

Ant. Antithesis, contradiction,contrast.

Countervail. Balance, compensate,make up, counterbalance,offset.

Ant. Overthrow, unbalance,weigh down.

Countryman. Rustic, agriculturist,farmer, swain, yeoman,laborer, peasant, husbandman;clown, boor.

Ant. Citizen, townsman;alien.

Couple, v. Link, unite, connect,join, clasp, tie, yoke, buckle,pair, splice, button; marry,wed.

Ant. Loose, part, separate,detach, isolate, unclasp; divorce.

Courage. Bravery, valor, fearlessness,spirit, heroism, fortitude,hardihood, boldness, daring,mettle, pluck, resolution,intrepidity.

Ant. Cowardice, timidity,fear, dread, terror, dismay, consternation.

Course. Route, way, road, track,race; direction, bearing, progress,process; career; succession,order, regularity; deportment,conduct; series, system.

Ant. Deviation; disorder,discursion; hindrance, error.

Court, v. Woo, flatter, seek, invite,solicit.

68Ant. Avoid, shun, repudiate,repel, antagonize.

Courtesy. Politeness, affability,urbanity, civility, complaisance.

Ant. Rudeness, incivility,churlishness, ungraciousness.

Courtly. Polished, elegant, polite,ceremonious, formal, respectful.

Ant. Undignified, unrefined,coarse, awkward, boorish, plebeian.

Covenant. Agreement, stipulation,bond, compact, contract,bargain, arrangement, concordant,pact, treaty.

Ant. Promise, understanding,assurance, parole.

Cover, v. Hide, conceal, overspread,overlay, secrete, cloak,veil, screen, mask, shroud, disguise;invest, clothe, wrap;protect, shelter, shield, guard,defend; comprehend, comprise,embrace; balance, compensate,countervail.

Ant. Expose, reveal, produce,exhibit; betray, divulge;omit, exclude.

Covet. Desire, long for, wishfor, aim after, aspire to.

Ant. Dislike, despise; undervalue.

Covetous. Eager, avaricious,desirous, greedy, grasping, acquisitive,rapacious.

Ant. Liberal, unselfish, generous,bountiful.

Coward. Craven, recreant, dastard.

Ant. Hero, champion; daredevil,desperado.

Coy. Bashful, shy, modest, reserved,retreating, shrinking.

Ant. Bold, forward, impertinent,pert, brazen, flippant.

Crack. Split, break, chop, rend,cleave, snap; craze, madden.

Ant. Mend, unite, repair;restore, heal.

Craft. Skill, ability, power, talent,dexterity, aptitude, tact;artifice, shrewdness, guile, deception,cunning, deceit; art,trade, employment, vocation,calling; vessel.

Ant. Inaptitude, tactlessness;fairness, openness, candor,sincerity, frankness, ingenuousness,straightforwardness.

Cramp. Restrain, hinder, check,confine, hamper, clog, fetter,cripple.

Ant. Free, liberate, loose,expand, ease, relieve, extricate.

Crash. Jar, uproar, clash, rending,noise, clang, resonance.

Ant. Murmur, whisper; silence.

Crassitude. Grossness, thickness,density, corpulence, obesity.

Ant. Tenuity, agility, activity;spareness, slightness.

Crave. Intreat, beg, beseech, implore,supplicate, desire, longfor, hunger for, yearn.

Ant. Demand, insist, require.

Crazy. Shattered, broken, tottering;distracted, mad, lunatic,insane, delirious, cracked,demented, deranged.

Ant. Sound, robust, vigorous,sane, whole.

Create. Form, produce, make,originate, cause, occasion, appoint,constitute; beget, engender,generate; imagine, compose,fashion, design.

Ant. Destroy, demolish, annihilate.

Creature. Created being, being,animal, man, person; dependent,vassal, parasite; wretch,miscreant.

Ant. Chimera, ghost, hallucination,fantasy, phantom, conceit,crotchet.

69Credence. Belief, trust, faith,acceptance, confidence, reliance.

Ant. Denial, distrust, disbelief,doubt, skepticism.

Credentials. Diploma, missive,title, warrant, vouchers, certificates,testimonials.

Credible. Probable, possible, reliable,trustworthy, likely.

Ant. Improbable, unlikely,incredible, unreliable, untrustworthy.

Credit. Trust, belief, faith, confidence,credence, reliance; reputation,influence, power; esteem,regard; loan, securities.

Ant. Insecurity; distrust;shame, disgrace, censure.

Credulity. Gullibility, credulousness,simplicity.

Ant. Skepticism, suspiciousness,incredulity, shrewdness.

Creed. Belief, catechism, confession,articles of faith, tenets,dogmas, doctrines.

Ant. Protest, abjuration,disbelief, recantation, retraction.

Crestfallen. Downcast, dispirited,dejected, disheartened, depressed,desponding, low-spirited,down-hearted.

Ant. Exuberant, elated, confident,inspirited.

Crew. Gang, set, band, horde,crowd, mob, throng.

Ant. Supercargo; bevy, galaxy,cream, élite.

Crime. Offense, misdeed, wrong,felony, sin, iniquity, misdemeanor,enormity, transgression,wickedness, delinquency.

Ant. Good deed, well-doing,exploit, achievement, duty, service,benefit, benefaction, heroism.

Criminal, a. Immoral, iniquitous,sinful, unlawful, wicked,wrong, vile, nefarious, culpable,abominable, illegal, vicious.

Ant. Virtuous, moral, innocent,just, honorable, praiseworthy,lawful, legal, right,meritorious.

Criminate. Charge, accuse, arraign,impeach.

Ant. Acquit, absolve, extricate.

Cripple, v. Weaken, disable, impair,break down, cramp, curtail.

Ant. Renovate, strengthen,augment, liberate, ease, expedite.

Criterion. Standard, test, rule,touchstone, measure, canon,proof.

Ant. Eye, glance; intention,conjecture.

Critic. Judge, censor, reviewer,connoisseur; caviller, carper;arbiter, savant.

Ant. Artist, author, writer,performer, maker, poet, composer.

Critical. Accurate, nice, exact;decisive, crucial, determining,important; dangerous, hazardous,imminent, momentous, dubious,precarious.

Ant. Inexact, loose, undiscriminating;unimportant, inconclusive;safe, sure, settled,decided, retrieved, redressed.

Criticism. Censure, stricture,animadversion, review, critique.

Ant. Approbation, praise,approval.

Criticize. Examine, estimate,judge, discuss, analyze, anatomize,scan, animadvert.

Ant. Survey, overlook, slur,skim, slight, neglect.

Crooked. Bent, curved, bowed;distorted, twisted, wry, askew,deformed, disfigured; perverse,contumacious, capricious; dishonest,unfair, unscrupulous,knavish, deceitful, tricky.

Ant. Straight, linear, upright,70direct, honest, straightforward.

Cross. Fretful, petulant, peevish,snappish, touchy, morose,ill-natured, sullen, snarling,cynical, sour, out of humor,captious, crabbed, sulky.

Ant. Amiable, genial, good-tempered,good-natured, blithesome,charming, winsome, attractive,benign.

Crowd. Throng, multitude, concourse,press, horde, herd, host,rabble, mob, populace.

Ant. Cream, élite, bevy, constellation,galaxy; solitude,solitariness.

Crown, n. Diadem, coronet, garland,chaplet, wreath, laurel,bays; reward, honor, distinction,dignity; summit, crest,top, head, brow, apex.

Ant. Base, bottom, floor,foot, pedestal, foundation, sole;infamy, shame.

Crown, v. Complete, consummate,conclude, seal, achieve,accomplish.

Ant. Mar, spoil, frustrate,fail.

Crucial. Severe, trying, searching,decisive, critical, momentous,strategic.

Ant. Superficial, indifferent,mild, lenient, lax, unimportant.

Crude. Raw, immature, unripe;coarse, unrefined; undigested,unconsidered, unpolished, uncouth,awkward.

Ant. Mature; refined, sensitive;well-considered, finished,classical, highly wrought, elaborate.

Cruel. Inhuman, merciless, unfeeling,dire, ruthless, pitiless,relentless, savage, brutal, ferocious,blood-thirsty, sanguinary;severe, sharp, bitter,hard.

Ant. Gentle, mild, merciful,humane, forbearing, generous.

Crush. Pound, crumble, demolish,overpower, squeeze, compress,bruise, shatter, raze, pulverize.

Ant. Consolidate, compact,amalgamate, solidify, stabilitate.

Culmination. Zenith, success,consummation, acme, completion,apex.

Ant. Failure, downfall, defeat,descent, decline.

Culpable. Blameworthy, blamable,censurable, reprehensible,faulty, wrong.

Ant. Innocent, blameless,laudable, praiseworthy.

Culprit. Criminal, delinquent,felon, malefactor, offender.

Ant. Hero, example, pattern,model, saint, upright man.

Cultivate. Till; fertilize; improve,refine, train, discipline,develop; study, pursue, investigate;nourish, foster, cherish,promote.

Ant. Neglect, blight, blast;uproot, eradicate, extirpate;stifle, abandon, prevent, discourage.

Cunning. Craft, artifice, deceit,intrigue, subtlety, chicane.

Ant. Candor, guilelessness,sincerity.

Cupidity. Longing, greed, lust;covetousness, avarice, acquisitiveness,stinginess.

Ant. Prodigality, liberality,generosity, extravagance.

Curb. Restrain, check, control,repress, bridle.

Ant. Indulge, emancipate,loose, release, free, liberate.

Cure, n. Remedy, antidote, restorative,corrective, help, specific;healing, restoration, convalescence,alleviation, renovation.

71Ant. Complaint, contagion,disease, ailment; aggravation,confirmation; inoculation.

Curiosity. Inquisitiveness, wonder,marvel, rarity, celebrity;inquiry, investigation, scrutiny,research.

Ant. Indifference, heedlessness,disregard, abstraction;apathy.

Curious. Prying, meddling, inquisitive,searching, scrutinizing;rare, singular, strange;elegant, finished.

Ant. Indifferent, uninterested;trite, common, usual.

Current. Common, general, prevalent,present, floating, popular,ordinary, vulgar.

Ant. Obsolete, rejected, exploded;private, secret; confined.

Curse, n. Execration, malediction,anathema, denunciation;scourge, plague, torment, affliction,trouble; imprecation, ban,oath.

Ant. Blessing, benediction,joy, crown; prosperity, welfare,luck, success.

Cursory. Hasty, superficial, desultory,careless, slight, rapid.

Ant. Elaborate, searching,minute, profound.

Custody. Care, keeping, protection;confinement, duress, imprisonment.

Ant. Neglect, betrayal, exposure,desertion; liberationdischarge.

Custom. Usage, habit, fashion,practice, rule; form, formality,observance; patronage; duty,tax.

Ant. Law, regulation, command;disuse, non-observance,desuetude.

Cutting. Sharp, keen; sarcastic,severe, satirical, wounding,piercing, trenchant, stinging,sardonic, cruel.

Ant. Mild, soothing, flattering,indulgent, consoling, gratifying.

Cynical. Censorious, churlish,carping, cross, peevish; derisive,contemptuous, scornful,pessimistic, misanthropic.

Ant. Genial, lenient; optimistic,philanthropic.

D

Dainty. Exquisite, choice, rare,refined; savory, palatable, delicious,toothsome, tasty, epicurean;fastidious, luxurious.

Ant. Common, dirty, vulgar,coarse, defiled, nasty, foul,filthy.

Damage. Hurt, injury, detriment,loss, mischief, impairment.

Ant. Benefit, compensation,advantage, blessing, reparation.

Danger. Peril, risk, hazard, venture,insecurity, liability, jeopardy.

Ant. Safety, security, precaution,defense.

Daring. Adventurous, fearless,risky, brave, courageous, dauntless,intrepid, valorous.

Ant. Cautious, timid, wary,fearful.

Dark. Black, swarthy, opaque,obscure, shadowy, lurid, sunless,murky, cloudy, overcast,ebon, pitchy, secret; mysterious,enigmatical, unintelligible,occult, abstruse; gloomy, disheartening,cheerless, dismal;ignorant, rude, untaught, benighted;72wicked, foul, horrible,damnable, vile, atrocious, infernal;joyless, mournful, sad, sorrowful.

Ant. White, fair, light, radiant,bright, clear, buoyant,plain, brilliant, glaring, crystalline,transparent, dazzling,luminous, illumed; happy, joyful,festive.

Darling. Sweetheart, love, pet,favorite, idol, dear.

Dash. Strike, hurl, cast, throw,drive, send, speed, dart; alloy,adulterate; suffuse, overspread,color; disappoint, ruin, frustrate;surprise, abash.

Ant. Raise, erect, reinstate;creep, crawl; fulfil, realize, effect.

Dastard. Coward, craven, recreant.

Ant. Hero, champion; daredevil.

Data. Facts, basis, grounds, postulates,premises, given conditions.

Ant. Conjectures, assumptions,inferences, deductions.

Date. Time, era, epoch, period,age.

Ant. Non-duration; eternity.

Daub. Smear, plaster, sully, begrime,soil, deface, defile.

Ant. Embellish, decorate;cleanse, whiten.

Daunt. Terrify, alarm, intimidate,appal, frighten off, tame.

Ant. Rally, inspirit, encourage.

Dauntless. Valiant, fearless, intrepid,bold, indomitable, unconquerable,valorous, chivalrous,heroic, brave, daring.

Ant. Cowardly, timid, cautious,fearful, afraid, faint-hearted,shrinking.

Dawn. Appear, begin, open;break, grow light, rise.

Ant. Wane, set, sink, close.

Dazzle. Daze, blind; astonish,surprise, overpower, bewilder,confuse.

Ant. Enlighten, illumine, illuminate;make clear, instruct.

Dead. Lifeless, breathless, inanimate,deceased, defunct, departed;dull, cold, frigid, inert,indifferent; tasteless, insipid,flat; insensible, heavy, unconscious,spiritless, still, torpid.

Ant. Quick, live, living, animate,alive, stirring, vivacious.

Deadly. Mortal, fatal, destructive,noxious, murderous, malignant,pernicious, baneful, venomous.

Ant. Vital, wholesome, life-giving.

Deaf. Hard of hearing; dull, insensible,heedless; inexorable,averse, disinclined; inaudible.

Ant. Acute, listening, attentive,willing, susceptible.

Deal. Bargain, chaffer, trade,traffic, do business; distribute,allot, divide, share, mete out.

Ant. Close, stop, fail; collect,gather, glean, muster.

Dear. Costly, high-priced, expensive,precious; beloved, valued.

Ant. Cheap, common, inexpensive;hated, abhorred.

Dearth. Lack, want, scarcity,poverty.

Ant. Plenty, abundance, luxury.

Death. Decease, dying, dissolution,departure, exit, expiration.

Ant. Life, birth, rise, vitality,growth, activity.

Debar. Exclude, bar out, stop,prevent, prohibit, restrain, hinder.

Ant. Admit, enclose, embrace;allow, indulge, permit,entitle.

Debase. Degrade, deprave, corrupt,alloy, deteriorate, lower,impair.

73Ant. Raise, enhance, exalt,honor, purify, improve, ameliorate.

Debate, n. Discussion, dispute,controversy, contention, altercation,contest.

Ant. Compliance, surrender,withdrawal of opposition.

Debatable. Dubious, doubtful,uncertain, disputable, problematical.

Ant. Sure, certain, incontestable,self-evident.

Debauch. Seduce, corrupt, vitiate,defile.

Ant. Purify, elevate.

Debility. Infirmity, weakness,languor, exhaustion, feebleness.

Ant. Vigor, strength, nerve,energy, tone, vitality.

Debt. Liability, obligation, default,claim, score.

Ant. Liquidation, assets, accommodation,credit.

Debtor. Borrower, mortgagor.

Ant. Creditor, lender, mortgagee.

Decay, v. Corrupt, putrefy, decompose,rot, spoil, molder,wither, perish.

Ant. Flourish, luxuriate, expand,vegetate, grow, increase.

Deceit. Fraud, deception, cheating,artifice, imposition, guile.

Ant. Honesty, openness, fairdealing, frankness, truth, verity.

Deceive. Cheat, dupe, delude, beguile,fool, trick, impose upon,disappoint, mislead, circumvent,entrap.

Ant. Enlighten, guide, disabuse,deliver.

Deception. Craft, cunning, lying,fraud, hypocrisy, trickery,delusion, duplicity, deceitfulness,falsehood, prevarication.

Ant. Candor, honesty, sincerity,truth, veracity, guilelessness,frankness, simplicity.

Decide. Determine, settle, conclude,close, terminate, end, resolve.

Ant. Waver, hesitate, vacillate,fluctuate, be irresolute.

Decipher. Reveal, explain, unravel,unfold.

Ant. Puzzle, mystify.

Decision. Determination, sentence,conclusion, judgment;firmness, resolution.

Ant. Vacillation, vagueness,uncertainty.

Decisive. Conclusive, positive,final, definitive, indisputable.

Ant. Vague, hypothetical,indeterminate, dubious, problematical.

Deck. Adorn, dress, ornament.

Ant. Strip, despoil; deform,deface.

Declaim. Recite, speak, debate,harangue.

Ant. Study, compose, elaborate.

Declamation. Harangue, effusion,debate, oratory, elocution.

Ant. Hesitation, stammering.

Declaration. Assertion, affirmation,avowal; publication,proclamation, official announcement.

Ant. Denial; concealment;recantation, disavowal, retraction.

Declare. Announce, publish, advertise,reveal, proclaim.

Ant. Suppress, withhold,conceal.

Decline. Fall, decay, decadence,degeneration; refusal, rejection,repudiation.

Ant. Rise, advancement, improvement;acceptance.

Declivity. Fall, slope, descent.

Ant. Ascent, rise.

Decoction. Concoction, mixture,mess.

Ant. Rawness. crudity.

74Decompose. Analyze, dissolve,resolve; decay, putrefy, becomecorrupt.

Ant. Compound, mix, organize,compose.

Decorate. Adorn, embellish, improve.

Ant. Spoil, mar, denude, deface.

Decorum. Dignity, order, propriety,seemliness.

Ant. Disorder, disturbance,unseemliness.

Decrease. Lessen, diminish, subside,want, dwindle, curtail, retrench,reduce, lower.

Ant. Increase, grow, augment,expand.

Decree. Decision, determination,law, edict, mandate, manifesto.

Ant. Suggestion, request,hint.

Decrepit. Weak, infirm, tottering,aged.

Ant. Strong, youthful.

Decry. Disparage, detract, depreciate,denounce, abase, traduce.

Ant. Extol, praise, eulogize,laud.

Dedicate. Devote, hallow, sanctify,consecrate; address, inscribe;assign, apply, set apart.

Ant. Desecrate, misuse, alienate.

Deduce. Infer, draw, derive, conclude.

Ant. Induce, state, conjecture,guess, anticipate, foresee.

Deed. Performance, act, action,exploit; reality, fact, truth;document, instrument.

Ant. Omission, failure, invalidation,reversal, recall; undoing.

Deep. Profound; difficult, mysterious,hard, intricate; penetrating,sagacious, astute, intelligent,discerning, shrewd;heartfelt, intense, thorough.

Ant. Shallow; superficial,artless, undesigning; indifferent.

Default. Neglect, failure, omission;want, destitution, lack;lapse, forfeit, delinquency, absence.

Ant. Satisfaction; appearance,plea; maintenance, supply;presence.

Defeat. Overthrow, frustration,discomfiture.

Ant. Success, triumph, victory.

Defect. Fault, flaw, imperfection;omission, want, shortcoming.

Ant. Emendation, perfection;supply, sufficiency.

Defense. Apology, justification,vindication; shelter, shield,protection, guard, resistance,rampart, fortress, safeguard,bulwark.

Ant. Surrender, betrayal, exposure,hazard; challenge.

Defer. Delay, postpone, procrastinate,adjourn, put off; yieldto, respect.

Ant. Hasten, hurry, expedite,quicken, overdrive; slight,disregard.

Deference. Respect, consideration,esteem, veneration, homage.

Ant. Disrespect, contumely,impudence, defiance, disobedience.

Defile. Contaminate, spoil, pollute,vitiate, infect, taint, befoul.

Ant. Purify, cleanse, disinfect,wash, hallow, sanctify.

Definition. Description, exposition,comment, explanation, interpretation,rendering, translation.

Ant. Misstatement.

Deformity. Ugliness, malformation,75distortion, disfigurement,abnormity, hideousness.

Ant. Grace, beauty, regularity,symmetry.

Defrayment. Payment, settlement,liquidation, discharge.

Ant. Failure, insolvency, repudiation,embezzlement, nonpayment.

Defy. Challenge, dare, provoke,scorn, brave.

Ant. Dread, cower, shrink,shun.

Degeneracy. Degradation, deterioration,growing worse, decay,decline; inferiority, meanness.

Ant. Improvement, advancement.

Degree. Grade, rank, step, station,stage, quality, standing;measure, interval, space.

Ant. Mass, magnitude, size,numbers.

Dejected. Disheartened, discouraged,depressed, downcast, despondent,gloomy, melancholy,low-spirited.

Ant. Cheerful, elated, gay,blithe, inspirited, joyous, jovial,merry.

Delay. Postponement, procrastination;hindrance, impediment.

Ant. Hurry, despatch, quickening,urgency; assistance, furtherance.

Delegate, n. Substitute, proxy,representative, legate, deputy.

Delegate, v. Depute, commission,appoint, empower, constitute,ordain.

Ant. Relegate, recall, supersede,remove.

Deleterious. Destructive, noxious,deadly, poisonous; hurtful,harmful, injurious, pernicious,unwholesome.

Ant. Wholesome, healthy,beneficial, sanitary, salubrious,nutritious.

Deliberate, v. Meditate, ponder,debate, confer, consider, reflect,consult, weigh, cogitate.

Ant. Shelve, dismiss, discard,put aside; hazard, chance,risk.

Deliberate, a. Cautious, careful,wary; well-advised, purposed,studied; slow, leisurely;intentional, earnest, unbiased.

Ant. Facetious, playful; irresolute,hesitant, faltering, vacillating;impulsive, rash, hasty;prejudiced.

Delicacy. Dainty, morsel, tidbit,relish; refinement, luxury,nicety, elegance; frailty, weakness;fastidiousness, scrupulousness;purity, sensibility.

Ant. Necessaries, commons,fare; coarseness, roughness,rudeness; vigor, strength; grossness.

Delicious. Dainty, savory, delightful,luscious, exquisite.

Ant. Nauseous, repulsive,bitter, loathsome, unpalatable,acrid.

Delight. Joy, gladness, charm,rapture, transport, satisfaction,pleasure, ecstasy, happiness, enjoyment,bliss.

Ant. Pain, suffering, sorrow,misery, discomfort, dejection,melancholy, discontent, trouble,distress, depression.

Delightful. Agreeable, congenial,grateful, pleasant, refreshing,welcome, satisfying, delicious,acceptable, pleasurable.

Ant. Miserable, depressing,disappointing, horrible, melancholy,painful, woful, wretched,mournful, saddening.

Delineate. Describe, figure, represent,sketch, draw, portray,depict, paint.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresent,exaggerate.

Delinquent. Offender, culprit,criminal, miscreant, malefactor.

76Ant. Worthy, model, paragon,pattern, beau ideal.

Deliver. Free, liberate, release;save, rescue; give, hand over,transfer; yield, grant, resign,surrender; pronounce, declare,speak; discharge, deal.

Ant. Confine, capture; suppress,retain; withdraw, betray;appropriate.

Deluge. Inundation, flood, overflow,rush, cataclysm.

Ant. Drought, dearth, aridity;mist, moisture; subsidence,ebb, abatement.

Delusion. Error, fallacy, illusion,hallucination, trick, snare,fraud, deception, imposture.

Ant. Fact, certainty, verity,actuality, truth, reality.

Demand. Require, ask, call for,insist, exact, challenge.

Ant. Request, petition, supplicate;disclaim, forego, waive.

Demarcation. Outline, sketch,limit, boundary, division, enclosure,separation, distinction.

Ant. Openness, space, expanse,extent.

Demean. Behave, comport, act,conduct one’s self.

Ant. Misbehave.

Demerit. Fault, delinquency,misdeed, failure.

Ant. Credit, merit, worth,excellence, desert.

Democratic. Popular, representative,republican, radical.

Ant. Imperial, aristocratic,regal, oligarchical, autocratic,despotic, tyrannical, constitutional,conservative.

Demolish. Overthrow, destroy,overturn, raze, ruin.

Ant. Restore, repair; build,construct, make.

Demonstration. Exhibition, exemplification;manifestation, illustration;evidence, proof, certainty,conclusion, consequence,induction, inference, deduction.

Ant. Concealment, secrecy;theory, supposition.

Demoralize. Corrupt, deprave,vitiate, undermine, subvert.

Ant. Stimulate, impel, promote,incite, reassure, animate,uplift.

Demure. Sedate, staid, modest,prudish, discreet.

Ant. Lively, vivacious, facetious,wanton, wild.

Denial. Refusal; contradiction,negation, disavowal.

Ant. Affirmation, avowal,admission, concession.

Denizen. Citizen, subject, inhabitant,dweller, sojourner.

Ant. Foreigner, alien, traveler,stranger, transient.

Denomination. Name, designation,description, appellation,class, sect, school.

Ant. Misnomer.

Denounce. Brand, defame, stigmatize,decry; accuse; menace,threaten; proscribe, vituperate.

Ant. Eulogize, applaud, uphold,vindicate.

Dense. Thick, slow, compact,solid, close, thickset.

Ant. Sparse, thin, scattered;quick, intelligent, clever, alert,ready.

Denunciation. Censure, arraignment;threat, menace; exposure.

Ant. Vindication, defense,apology, plea, excuse.

Deny. Refuse, withhold; contradict,gainsay; renounce, abjure,disown.

Ant. Affirm, grant, accept,concede; indulge, yield, admit.

Depart. Leave, go, start, sally,retire, disappear, vanish, bidfarewell; die, decease.

Ant. Arrive, alight; stay, remain,cling.

77Department. Division, section,portion; function, office, duty,station; province, branch, line.

Ant. Organization, whole,body.

Dependent. Hanging, resting,contingent, conditioned, relying,subject, relative.

Ant. Independent, free, absolute,irrespective.

Depict. Portray, draw, paint,delineate.

Ant. Caricature, parody.

Deplorable. Lamentable, pitiable,sad, mournful, disastrous,calamitous, grievous, distressing,melancholy.

Ant. Acceptable, felicitous,happy, welcome, glad, joyous,beneficent, pleasing.

Deportment. Conduct, carriage,behavior, demeanor, character.

Ant. Misbehavior, misconduct.

Depose. Dethrone, debase, degrade,dismiss, oust, displace.

Ant. Enthrone, install, initiate,elevate, exalt, invest withpower.

Deprecate. Regret, disapprove,lament; intercede, expostulate.

Ant. Rejoice in, approve; invoke,imprecate, curse.

Depreciate. Disparage, decry,undervalue, detract, underestimate.

Ant. Appreciate, value, esteem.

Depredation. Robbery, pillage,plunder, spoliation, theft, invasion,trespass, havoc, encroachment.

Ant. Restitution, compensation,restoration, amends, reparation.

Depression. Lowering, degradation,abasement, perversion, depreciation,dejection, discouragement;hollow, valley, decline.

Ant. Elevation, raising, exaltation,promotion, amelioration,preferment, prominence,eminence.

Deprive. Bereave, rob, divest,strip, despoil, dispossess, depose;prevent, hinder.

Ant. Endow, enrich, invest,compensate, present, indemnify.

Deputy. Lieutenant, agent, representative,envoy, legate, substitute,vicegerent, proxy, delegate.

Ant. Master, principal, governor,chief, sovereign, ruler.

Derangement. Disorder, confusion,disarrangement; disturbance,discomposure; madness,lunacy, insanity, mania, delirium,alienation, aberration.

Ant. Order, arrangement,regulation; calmness; sanity,poise, rationality.

Derision. Scorn, contempt, ridicule,mockery, contumely, scoffing.

Ant. Admiration, respect,reverence, regard, esteem, veneration.

Derivation. Source, origin, genesis,fountain, descent, root,etymology.

Ant. Result, issue, termination,effect, application, use.

Derogate. Detract, depreciate,disparage, compromise, lessen.

Ant. Esteem, value, overestimate,enhance, extol.

Descendant. Offspring, posterity,progeny, stock, family, lineage,scion, branch, issue.

Ant. Ancestry, progenitor,origin, root, source, founder,parent.

Describe. Trace, draw, portray,mark out, represent, depict, recount,narrate, illustrate, define,explain, characterize.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresent,78distort; mystify, perplex,confuse.

Descry. Perceive, discern, recognize,discover, espy, see, behold,detect, find out.

Ant. Overlook, miss, neglect.

Desecrate. Profane, pollute, pervert,abuse, secularize, prostitute.

Ant. Hallow, sanctify, respect,esteem, dedicate, devote.

Desert. Solitude, wild, wilderness,waste.

Ant. Oasis, pasture, meadow.

Deserter. Renegade, turncoat, recanter,backslider, abjurer, traitor,apostate.

Ant. Adherent, devotee, supporter,bigot, disciple, ally.

Deserve. Merit, earn, win, beentitled to.

Ant. Forfeit, lose, miss, failof.

Desideratum. Very desirablething, requisite, want, essential.

Ant. Superfluity, surplus,perquisite.

Design, n. Intention, purpose,aim, end, scheme, proposal, project,object, plan, device, purport,meaning, drift, scope,mark; delineation, sketch, artifice,drawing, draft; invention,contrivance; cunning, guile.

Ant. Execution, performance,structure, construction, issue,result; candor, openness,sincerity; chance, accident.

Design, v. Intend, plan, prepare,project, contrive, scheme, purpose,mean, propose; draw, delineate,sketch; contemplate,outline, plot.

Ant. Risk, guess, conjecture,chance; misconceive, misinterpret,misrepresent.

Designate. Specify, particularize;describe, define, denominate,name, call, style, christen,dub; appoint, allot.

Ant. Misname, miscall; generalize;misrepresent.

Desirable. Eligible, expedient,advantageous, beneficial, advisable,valuable, profitable, enviable,proper, judicious.

Ant. Inexpedient, disadvantageous,harmful, inadvisable,evil.

Desire. Appetite, inclination,longing, proclivity, craving, impulse,hankering, coveting, propensity,wish; aspiration, will.

Ant. Loathing, disgust, aversion,hate, repugnance, horror.

Desolate, a. Bereaved, comfortless,forlorn, cheerless, lonely,solitary; uninhabited, forsaken,unfrequented, waste, dreary,wild.

Ant. Peopled, colonized, developed,cultivated; populous,crowded, frequented.

Despair. Desperation, discouragement,hopelessness, despondency.

Ant. Courage, hope, expectation,anticipation, assurance,confidence, elation, cheer, trust,hopefulness, encouragement.

Despatch, v. Expedite, speed, accelerate,quicken, hasten; kill,slay.

Ant. Delay, retard, impede,obstruct; preserve, save, spare.

Desperate. Wild, reckless, despondent,hopeless, wretched,forlorn, lost; heroic, extreme,defiant; precipitate, headlong,frantic.

Ant. Cautious, timid, shy;hopeful, promising, propitious.

Despise. Contemn, scorn, slight,disdain, spurn.

Ant. Respect, esteem, venerate,regard, revere.

Despoil. Strip, denude, ravage;rob, plunder, pillage, devastate.

Ant. Adorn, enrich, rehabilitate.

79Despotic. Tyrannical, absolute,imperious, autocratic, arrogant.

Ant. Conciliatory, humane,merciful; constitutional, democratic,representative.

Destination. Aim, end, object,purpose, design; goal, harbor.

Ant. Action, movement; initiation,project, effort.

Destiny. Fate, lot, doom, star,fortune, necessity, end, predestination.

Ant. Choice, will, freedom,volition, free will.

Destructive. Ruinous, injurious,pernicious, deleterious, baneful,detrimental, hurtful, noxious.

Ant. Constructive, restorative,beneficial, wholesome, preservative.

Desuetude. Disuse, non-observance,obsolescence.

Ant. Use, custom, practice,exercise, operation.

Desultory. Rambling, irregular,capricious, wandering, roving,discursive, cursory, erratic,spasmodic, unsystematic.

Ant. Methodical, continuous,periodical, diligent, exact, untiring,persevering, earnest, serious,settled, consecutive.

Detail. Account, narrative, recital;detachment; individual,particular, item, specialty, element,point, component.

Ant. Totality, whole, generality,aggregation, mass, bulk.

Detention. Hindrance, retaining,restraint, stopping.

Ant. Relinquishment, abandonment,letting go, release, liberation.

Deter. Hinder, discourage, prevent,restrain, withhold, terrify,scare, dishearten, dissuade.

Ant. Incite, provoke, allure,tempt, seduce, prompt, persuade.

Deteriorate. Impair, degrade,debase; decline, degenerate.

Ant. Ameliorate, promote,advance, rectify.

Determine. Settle, adjust, decide;ascertain, verify; influence,lead, incline; resolve.

Ant. Vacillate, waver, unsettle,doubt.

Detest. Abominate, abhor, execrate,loathe, shrink from.

Ant. Like, approve, appreciate,praise, love.

Dethrone. Depose, uncrown,drive out of power, cause toabdicate.

Ant. Crown, enthrone, exalt.

Detract. Depreciate, disparage,lessen, derogate, calumniate,slander, defame, decry, vilify.

Ant. Enhance, augment, increase,flatter, compliment.

Detriment. Loss, damage, injury,harm, evil, prejudice, disadvantage,impairment, inconvenience.

Ant. Enhancement, remedy,augmentation, improvement,repair, reinstatement.

Develop. Evolve, unfold, educe,disclose, unravel, exhibit,expand, enlarge; open, grow, mature.

Ant. Envelop, wrap, conceal,contract, compress; stunt,dwarf, hinder, prevent.

Deviate. Digress, wander, deflect,veer, diverge; depart, err,stray, swerve; differ, vary.

Ant. Cohere, coincide; accompany,continue, remain; advance;converge; agree, assimilate.

Device. Contrivance, invention,design, project, plan, scheme,expedient, resource; wile, artifice,stratagem, evasion, fraud;emblem, symbol, type.

Ant. Fortune, luck, hazard,80hit; openness, frankness, candor.

Devious. Erratic, wandering,deviating, crooked, circuitous,misleading, treacherous, roundabout.

Ant. Direct, plain, straightforward,frequented.

Devise. Plan, design, contrive,imagine, scheme, project, concoct;bequeath, leave.

Ant. Mismanage, miscontrive;inherit.

Devoid. Void, wanting, empty,destitute, vacant, unprovidedfor.

Ant. Full, supplied, provided,replete, furnished, abundant,plentiful, sufficient.

Devolve. Transfer, consign, convey,demise, devise, deliver;impose, place, attach, commission,charge, depute; fall, pass,be transferred.

Ant. Deprive, withhold, recall,cancel, alienate, skip, pass,miss.

Devotion. Dedication, consecration,piety, religion, sanctity,holiness, worship, adoration;attachment, affection, love; ardor,earnestness, zeal, eagerness,self-sacrifice.

Ant. Impiety, profanity,sacrilege, irreverence; aversion,alienation, antipathy, indifference,apathy.

Devour. Consume, gorge, eatravenously, swallow; destroy,annihilate, waste, swallow up,expend.

Ant. Disgorge, vomit; save,conserve.

Dexterity. Aptitude, skill, expertness,readiness, adroitness.

Ant. Ineptitude, inability,weakness, awkwardness, clumsiness.

Diadem. Crown, chaplet, fillet,wreath, tiara, circlet.

Diagnosis. Investigation, determination,analysis.

Ant. Misjudgment, error.

Diagnostic. Symptom, feature,sign, cue, indication, mark, index.

Ant. Development, consummation,crisis, head, formation.

Dialect. Language, phraseology,tongue, speech, provincialism,idiom, accent.

Dialogue. Conversation betweentwo people, colloquy, discourse,tête-à-tête.

Ant. Monologue, soliloquy,apostrophe, oration.

Dictate. Direct, ordain, command,prescribe, order, bid, require,decree; utter; prompt,suggest, enjoin, instruct.

Ant. Follow, repeat, obey,answer; accept.

Dictation. Injunction, precept,command, rule, maxim, direction,utterance.

Ant. Consultation, conference,council; advice, recommendation.

Dictatorial. Imperious, imperative,domineering, arbitrary,absolute, unlimited, authoritative,unrestricted, overbearing.

Ant. Condescending, supplicatory,affable, suppliant, unassuming,persuasive.

Diction. Expression, language,phrase, phraseology, style, verbiage,vocabulary, wording.

Ant. Provincialism, barbarism,solecism.

Dictionary. Lexicon, word-book,glossary, vocabulary.

Didactic. Instructive, perceptive,moral, directive, educative.

Ant. Unsound, misleading,erroneous, uninstructive, pernicious.

Die. Expire, decease, depart;wither, perish, decay, decline,81fade; cease, vanish, disappear;sink, faint, fall; subside.

Ant. Live, recover, be born;survive, exist; originate, develop,grow, strengthen, flourish,luxuriate, vegetate.

Diet. Food, victuals, nourishment,aliment, nutriment, provision,viands, rations, fare,subsistence; assembly, parliament,congress.

Ant. Starvation, fasting,abstinence, fast; gluttony, omnivorousness.

Difference. Contrast, diversity,variation, variety, discrepancy,disagreement, disparity, distinction,divergence, unlikeness.

Ant. Agreement, uniformity,unity, consonance, identity,likeness, resemblance, harmony,sameness, similarity.

Differentiate. Discriminate, individualize,distinguish, particularize,specify, segregate,identify.

Ant. Generalize, classify,confuse, amalgamate.

Difficult. Arduous, exhausting,severe, onerous, trying, toilsome,hard, laborious; intricate,involved, obscure, enigmatical;unmanageable, reserved,opposed, unamenable.

Ant. Easy, facile, trifling,slight, trivial, pleasant, light;simple, plain, clear, manifest;approachable, amenable, pliant.

Diffident. Modest, doubtful, reluctant,hesitating; bashful,timid, shy, self-distrustful.

Ant. Bold, aggressive, forward,arrogant, self-conceited.

Diffuse, a. Prolix, loose, copious,rambling, verbose, longwinded,diluted.

Ant. Epigrammatic, laconic,terse, condensed.

Digest. Methodize, systematize,arrange, classify, codify; study,ponder, consider, contemplate,meditate, con; master, assimilate.

Ant. Confound, complicate,disorder, derange, disturb; reject,refuse.

Dignified. Stately, noble, grand,majestic, self-respecting, imposing,decorous, august, lofty, exalted,pompous.

Ant. Stunted, low, mean, unimposing,depressed, ordinary,self-accusing.

Dignify. Advance, promote, exalt,ennoble, prefer; grace,honor, adorn; elevate, aggrandize.

Ant. Humiliate, debase, degrade.

Digress. Deviate, ramble, wander;differ.

Ant. Proceed, advance; harmonize,agree.

Dilapidation. Ruin, decay, disintegration,downfall, demolition.

Ant. Construction, reparation;soundness, solidity; fabrication,building.

Dilate. Stretch wide, expand,enlarge, widen, distend.

Ant. Compress, compact, restrict,narrow, condense, concentrate.

Dilatory. Slow, loitering, tardy,procrastinating, dawdling, lagging,lingering, sluggish.

Ant. Prompt, vigilant, alert,eager, earnest.

Diligence. Industry, assiduity,activity, perseverance, application,attention, care, heed.

Ant. Neglect, carelessness,idleness, inertness, inattention,desultoriness.

Dim. Obscure, dark, covered,hidden, dusky, indistinct, uncertain.

Ant. Bright, clear, manifest,light.

82Dimension. Measurement, bulk,mass, extent; (pl.) size, capacity,amplitude, massiveness,greatness.

Ant. Segment, section, portion,part.

Diminish. Lessen, reduce, decrease,abate, subside, shorten,dwarf, retrench.

Ant. Augment, amplify, increase,magnify, expand.

Din. Racket, clamor, noise, uproar.

Ant. Crash, explosion; silence.

Dingy. Dirty, dull, soiled, tarnished,dim, obscure, somber.

Ant. Bright, burnished, radiant,glittering, gleaming, luminous.

Dip. Immerse, plunge, inundate,soak, steep, drown, submerge.

Ant. Dry, drain, parch; air,ventilate, evaporate, vaporize.

Diplomacy. Negotiation, indirection,tact, artful management,contrivance, circumvention;embassage, ministry, ambassadorship.

Ant. Dismissal, congé, recall;candor, naïveté, ingenuousness;mismanagement, maladministration;self-defeat.

Diplomatic. Prudent, wise, tactful,astute, politic, sagacious,judicious, discreet.

Ant. Blundering, tactless,injudicious.

Direct, a. Unswerving, straight,rectilinear, undeviating.

Ant. Meandering, crooked,roundabout, circuitous.

Direction. Course, tendency,aim, bearing; oversight, management,control, superintendence,conduct; order, command;address, superscription.

Ant. Deviation, aberration;miscontrol.

Directly. Straightly, immediately,forthwith, soon, speedily,instantly, promptly, presently,quickly, straightway, atonce.

Ant. Secondarily, by-and-by;remotely, obliquely, circuitously.

Dirge. Requiem, elegy, lament,wake, threnody, coronach.

Ant. Anthem, Te Deum, jubilate,pæan, jubilee, halleluiah.

Dirt. Filth, uncleanness, dung,foulness, meanness, filthiness,defilement.

Ant. Cleanness, purity, ablution;innocence, spotlessness.

Dis-. The prefix dis- has usuallya negative, sometimes an intensive,force. Therefore, for wordsbeginning with it look underthe antonyms of the root words.When its force is intensive,however, they will be found underthe synonyms of the rootwords. Only a few of derivedsignificance are here given.

Disability. Unfitness, inability,incompetence, incapacity, disqualification.

Ant. Merit, fitness, recommendation,qualification, capability.

Disabuse. Undeceive, set right,correct, enlighten, inform, rectify.

Ant. Deceive, delude, hoodwink.

Disappoint. Frustrate, foil, defeat,baffle, disconcert, mortify,vex, betray, tantalize.

Ant. Fulfil, realize, satisfy,gratify, encourage, verify, support.

Disaster. Misfortune, mishap,reverse, calamity, catastrophe.

Ant. Blessing, benefit, goodfortune, profit, gain, boon.

Disburse. Spend, expend, consume,waste, use, lay out,pay.

83Ant. Save, economize, hoard,husband.

Discern. Observe, discriminate,distinguish, perceive, see, descry,behold, espy, discover, penetrate,differentiate.

Ant. Overlook, neglect, miss.

Discernible. Discoverable, perceptible,visible, apparent, conspicuous,palpable, plain, manifest,evident.

Ant. Obscure, minute, invisible,microscopic, impalpable.

Discernment. Sagacity, perception,discrimination, brightness,astuteness, insight, intelligence,perspicacity, penetration,acuteness, judgment, ingenuity.

Ant. Blindness, inattention,dulness, density.

Discharge, v. Unburden, unload;expel, eject; shoot, fire;release, exonerate, acquit, liberate,free; dismiss, discard,cashier; remove, destroy; perform,execute, observe.

Ant. Confine, charge, load,burden, contain; detain, check,delay, stop; preserve; ignore.

Disciple. Follower, student, believer,pupil, learner, scholar,supporter, adherent, votary.

Ant. Master, teacher, professor,leader, rabbi.

Discipline. Training, teaching,drill, exercise; control, regulation,subjection, government;punishment, correction, coercion,chastisement.

Ant. Laxity, latitude, negligence;reward, encouragement;disorganization, mutiny, rebellion,confusion, disorder.

Discomfit. Defeat, overpower,conquer; foil, disconcert.

Ant. Encourage, rally, aid,assist.

Disconcert. Frustrate, balk, defeat,thwart, baffle; discompose,embarrass, disturb, upset, perplex,abash, confuse, bewilder.

Ant. Assist, countenance,encourage, compose, calm, appease,pacify, tranquilize.

Disconsolate. Inconsolable, sorrowful,heart-broken, comfortless,melancholy, desolate, forlorn,sad.

Ant. Joyous, cheerful, glad,merry, jovial, happy, blithe.

Discordance. Disagreement, discord,dissonance, conflict, opposition.

Ant. Accordance, harmony,concord.

Discover. Find, detect, discern,ferret out, invent, expose, ascertain,descry, disclose, betray,indicate, manifest.

Ant. Hide, conceal, cover,secrete, bury, suppress, withhold.

Discreet. Discerning, wise, sagacious,prudent, cautious, judicious,considerate, circumspect.

Ant. Foolish, heedless, reckless,silly, imprudent, undiscerning,unrestrained.

Discrepancy. Dissonance, discord,discordance, difference,variation, disagreement.

Ant. Agreement, harmony,correspondence.

Discrimination. Acuteness, penetration,sagacity, discernment,shrewdness, insight.

Ant. Dulness, shortsightedness.

Discursive. Reasoning, argumentative;roving, wandering,rambling, desultory, inconsequent.

Ant. Orderly, coherent, continuous;condensed, succinct,concise; strategic.

Discuss. Debate, argue, reason,agitate, deliberate upon, consider.

84Ant. Confound, obscure; assert,dogmatize.

Disdain, n. Contempt, scorn, disregard,haughtiness, arrogance.

Ant. Reverence, respect, esteem,considerateness, humility.

Disease. Infirmity, ailment, distemper,complaint, illness, sickness,malady, indisposition, unsoundness,affection.

Ant. Health, strength, robustness,soundness, sturdiness,vigor; convalescence; sanity,salubrity.

Disgust, n. Distaste, loathing,dislike, repugnance, aversion,abhorrence.

Ant. Partiality, desire, liking,relish, fondness.

Dismal. Dark, gloomy, cheerless,dull, dreary, melancholy,lonesome, somber, sad, doleful,funereal; horrible, terrible,frightful.

Ant. Cheerful, bright, inviting,cordial, gay, propitious,promising.

Dismay. Affright, terrify, appal,alarm, intimidate, daunt.

Ant. Rally, inspirit, assure,encourage, hearten.

Dismember. Disintegrate, mutilate,separate, rend asunder,sever.

Ant. Integrate, incorporate;constitute, construct.

Dismiss. Banish, discard, discharge,remove.

Ant. Recall, welcome.

Disparage. Depreciate, decry,undervalue, underrate; defame,reproach.

Ant. Appreciate, overestimate,extol, praise, exaggerate.

Dispel. Drive away, disperse,dissipate, banish, scatter.

Ant. Collect, summon, accumulate.

Dispensation. Apportionment,allotment, distribution; administration;exemption; system,scheme, plan, régime.

Ant. Retention, restriction,reservation, injunction, prohibition;enforcement.

Disperse. Dispel, scatter, separate;diffuse, spread, disseminate.

Ant. Gather, collect, concentrate;recall, summon.

Display. Expand, unfold, extend,uncover, open, spread; exhibit,show, parade.

Ant. Conceal, hide, wrap,dissemble, suppress.

Disposition. Arrangement, location,placing, grouping; management,control, regulation,direction; tendency, inclination,propensity; temper, character,nature, humor; willingness;distribution.

Ant. Confusion, inversion,disorder; mismanagement, laxity;antipathy, repulsion; obstinacy;mood; agglomeration,collection.

Disputant. Litigant, debater,arguer, controversialist, competitor,claimant.

Ant. Advocate, auxiliary,partner.

Dispute, v. Quarrel, wrangle;debate, argue, discuss, agitate,ventilate; impugn, deny, contradict,oppose, contest.

Ant. Allow, concede, grant,forego, relinquish.

Disquisition. Treatise, dissertation,discourse, essay, discussion.

Ant. Effusion, tirade, diatribe,rhodomontade.

Dissect. Anatomize, scrutinize,analyze, explore, investigate,examine, sift.

Ant. Integrate, organize,compound, grasp; comprehend,discern, diagnose.

85Dissemble. Conceal, disguise,cloak, hide, restrain, smother.

Ant. Reveal, confess, manifest,expose, vaunt, profess.

Dissent. Differ, disagree, decline.

Ant. Assent, consent, agree.

Dissertation. Disquisition, discussion,treatise.

Dissipate. Scatter, vanish, disperse,disappear, waste, squander.

Ant. Hoard, save, gather,conserve.

Dissociate. Separate, sever, disjoin,divide, part, sunder, disconnect.

Ant. Associate, join, affiliate.

Dissolute. Abandoned, corrupt,loose, profligate, reprobate, dissipated.

Ant. Upright, honest, conscientious,self-controlled.

Distance. Remoteness, space,interval; absence, separation;reserve, coldness, stiffness.

Ant. Proximity, contiguity,nearness, presence, neighborhood,contact.

Distend. Dilate, extend, spread,stretch.

Ant. Contract, narrow, constrict,condense.

Distil. Drop, extract, separate;percolate, emanate, drip.

Ant. Condense, retain; suck;hold.

Distinct. Separate, definite, different,clear, plain, unmistakable.

Ant. Blurred, dim, indefinite,confused, conjoined, obscure.

Distinguish. Discern, perceive,tell, discriminate; differentiate;characterize, mark; separate,divide; signalize, makefamous or celebrated.

Ant. Confound, miss, confuse.

Distinguished. Illustrious, famous,celebrated, noted, eminent,marked, conspicuous, supreme,extraordinary, consummate.

Ant. Obscure, inconspicuous,hidden; infamous, notorious.

Distortion. Deformity, twist,perversion, falsification, misrepresentation,sophistry, corruption.

Ant. Regularity, shapeliness,symmetry; right, truth,verification, rectification.

Distract. Divert, perplex, confuse,disconcert, bewilder, confound,derange, craze.

Ant. Unite, fix, compose,concentrate, collect.

Distraction. Confusion, perplexity,abstraction, disturbance,perturbation, agitation; inattention;absence, frenzy, madness;alienation, aberration;delirium, mania, derangement,lunacy.

Ant. Attention, composure,self-possession, tranquillity.

Distress, n. Affliction, calamity,adversity, misery, perplexity,misfortune; agony, suffering,anguish; privation, destitution,poverty, indigence.

Ant. Consolation, relief, assuagement,alleviation; boon,blessing, pleasure.

Distribute. Dispense, scatter,allot, apportion, grant, appoint.

Ant. Restrict, retain, collect,gather, hold, reserve, keep.

District. Region, tract, territory,province, circuit, quarter.

Disturb. Agitate, shake, stir,disorder, confuse, derange; molest,annoy, plague, trouble,vex, worry; interrupt, hinder.

Ant. Soothe, quiet, assist,compose, pacify; arrange, order.

86Diversion. Detour, deviation,divergence; recreation, amusement,enjoyment, pastime.

Ant. Directness, business,procedure, continuity, task, labor.

Diversify. Vary, change, alter,modify; variegate, streak, spot.

Ant. Settle, fix, stereotype,arrest.

Diversity. Difference, dissimilitude,variation, unlikeness, divergence,dissonance, heterogeneousness,multiformity.

Ant. Identity, similarity,uniformity, consonance, homogeneousness,coincidence.

Divest. Dismantle, strip, unclothe,undress, unrobe, deprive.

Ant. Clothe, invest, shroud,indue, encumber.

Divide. Sever, part, separate,disunite, sunder; alienate, estrange;distribute, allot, apportion,assign, share, dispense.

Ant. Unite, commingle, collocate,congregate, convene.

Divination. Magic, foretelling,augury, prophecy, presage, prediction.

Ant. Investigation, study;information; analysis.

Divorce, v. Separate, part, sunder,alienate, disunite.

Ant. Marry, wed, betroth,consort.

Do. Accomplish, achieve, bringto pass, complete, effect, realize,discharge, perpetuate, perform,commit, consummate, actualize;execute, finish, fulfil; workout, transact.

Ant. Neglect, ruin, spoil,defeat, destroy, mar, miscarry,fail, frustrate, baffle, omit, comeshort.

Docile. Manageable, amenable,compliant, gentle, tame, submissive,yielding, tractable, pliable,obedient.

Ant. Obstinate, firm, inflexible,stubborn, self-willed, wilful,determined, dogged, resolute,opinionated.

Doctrine. Tenet, dogma, opinion,belief, precept, principle,teaching, creed.

Ant. Duty, practice, action,conduct, operation, application.

Dogmatic. Arrogant, authoritative,imperious, domineering,positive, self-opinionated, doctrinal,magisterial, dictatorial.

Ant. Practical, active, modest,diffident, vacillating, considerate.

Domestic. Private, family, familiar,homelike.

Ant. Public, foreign, alien,strange.

Domicile. Home, abode, house,residence, mansion, dwelling.

Ant. World, wilderness; estrangement,migration, travel,exile.

Dominance, Domination. Superiority,lordship, mastery,sway, supremacy, command, ascendancy,government.

Ant. Servility, subjection,inferiority, weakness, minority,subordination.

Domineer. Lord, tyrannize, dictate,bully, swagger.

Ant. Submit, yield, bow, defer,patronize, succumb; resist,contend.

Dominion. Government, domination,supremacy, sway, dominance,control, authority, domain,territory, sovereignty.

Ant. Submission, subjugation,servitude.

Doom, n. Condemnation, fate,sentence, judgment, destiny,verdict.

Ant. Liberation, respite, escape,acquittal, discharge.

Dormant. Sleeping, latent, inert,quiescent.

87Ant. Active, operative, vigilant,awake, alert.

Doubt, n. Distrust, skepticism,disbelief, suspicion, suspense,hesitation, incredulity, irresolution,misgiving, unbelief, perplexity,uncertainty.

Ant. Conviction, certainty,assurance; belief, confidence;determination, resolution, resolve.

Downwards. Below, beneath,down.

Ant. Upwards, above, aloft.

Drag. Draw, pull, haul, bring.

Ant. Carry, push, propel,raise.

Drain. Empty, exhaust, draw,strain, dry.

Ant. Fill, supply, replenish,moisten, drench.

Draw. Haul, lead, pull, drag,lure, entice, attract, incline, induce.

Ant. Repel, repulse, rebuff,alienate, estrange, reject.

Dread, n. Fear, terror, awe, apprehension,horror, alarm.

Ant. Confidence, courage;familiarity.

Dream. Reverie, fancy, vision,delusion, conceit, hallucination,romance, trance, vagary.

Ant. Fact, reality, realization,verity, certainty, substance.

Dreary. Dismal, gloomy, dark,lonesome, solitary, cheerless.

Ant. Cheerful, bright, promising,inviting.

Dress. Clothing, garments, apparel,garb, array, uniform, attire,costume, raiment, habiliments,vesture, robes, habit,vestments.

Ant. Nakedness, disarray,nudity, bareness, deshabille, exposure,undress.

Drift, n. Direction, bearing,course; aim, purpose, intention,scope, tendency, design;rush, impulse, current; heap,mass.

Ant. Aimlessness, vagueness,aberrancy, indefiniteness.

Drink. Swallow, imbibe, quaff,drain, absorb, suck in.

Ant. Pour, exude, disgorge,water, moisten.

Drive. Impel, propel, compel,push, thrust, urge; repulse, repel,resist; ride.

Ant. Draw, attract, invite,summon.

Droll. Whimsical, comical, ludicrous,funny, ridiculous, odd,queer, facetious.

Ant. Sober, solemn, tragic,funereal.

Droop. Languish, sink, decline,flag, pine, wither, fade, wilt.

Ant. Prosper, revive, rally,flourish, raise, luxuriate.

Drown. Sink, immerse, swamp,overwhelm, overflow, inundate,deluge, flood, overcome, overpower.

Ant. Dry, drain, air, ventilate,expose.

Dry. Arid, parched; thirsty,craving drink; barren, meager,dull, dreary, tedious, plain; severe,sarcastic, sharp, keen.

Ant. Moist, fresh, juicy;lively, entertaining; fulsome,florid.

Due. Proper, fitting, suitable,appropriate, becoming; owing,obligatory.

Ant. Improper, unsuitable,independent; unfair, extravagant,deficient.

Dull. Heavy, stupid, unintelligent,apathetic, insensible, callous,dead; inert, lifeless, inactive,slow, torpid; blunt, obtuse;gloomy, sad, dismal; dim,obscure; wearisome, dreary, tedious.

Ant. Bright, light, sparkling,88brilliant, quick, interesting,lively, keen, witty, cheery,inviting, entertaining.

Dumb. Speechless, mute, silent,still, inarticulate.

Ant. Talkative, chatty, loquacious.

Duplicate. Copy, counterpart,facsimile, imitation, likeness,replica, reproduction, double,transcript.

Ant. Original, pattern, prototype,archetype, model.

Duplicity. Deceit, deception,circumvention, guile, artifice,hypocrisy, fraud, dishonesty.

Ant. Candor, straightforwardness,frankness, sincerity,honesty.

Duration. Continuance, term,period, protraction, prolongation(in time).

Ant. Brevity, momentariness;infinity, eternity.

Duty. Office, responsibility, obligation,function, business, accountability,right, righteousness.

Ant. Immunity, freedom, license,exemption, dispensation.

Dwell. Live, reside, rest, stop,stay, abide, lodge, sojourn.

Ant. Visit, migrate, hasten,flit, roam, depart, travel.

E

Eager. Impatient, anxious, desirous,longing, yearning, ardent,enthusiastic, earnest, animated,fervent, impetuous, vehement.

Ant. Torpid, sluggish, slow,backward, belated, late, tardy.

Earn. Acquire, merit, win, get,gain, procure, deserve, achieve,obtain, realize.

Ant. Waste, lose, spend, forfeit,squander.

Earnest. Eager, zealous, fervent;steady, intent, fixed; sincere,serious, true; important,momentous.

Ant. Indifferent, irresolute,sportive, jesting, flippant.

Ease. Facility, knack, readiness,expertness, easiness, satisfaction,contentment, comfort, repose,refreshment, relief.

Ant. Perplexity, irritation,annoyance, constraint, disquiet,trouble, vexation, difficulty, uneasiness,awkwardness, worry.

Easy. Quiet, comfortable, tranquil,compliant, facile, complacent,submissive; unaffected,natural, smooth; moderate, affluent.

Ant. Disturbed, uncomfortable,hard, difficult, anxious, exacting.

Ebb. Retire, recede, abate, decrease,subside, wane, sink.

Ant. Flow, swell, increase,flood, inundate, deluge.

Eccentric. Irregular, abnormal,uncommon, peculiar, singular,wayward, strange, aberrant, erratic,whimsical.

Ant. Normal, conventional,common, usual, regular, customary.

Echo. Resonance, repetition, reverberation,imitation, answer.

Ant. Sound, voice, original,tone, noise, speech.

Eclipse, n. Obscuration, dimming,obscurity, hiding, shrouding,concealment, vanishing, extinction,obliteration, annihilation,destruction.

Ant. Illumination, enlightenment,revelation; perpetuation;radiation; unveiling, discovery.

89Economics. Science of wealth,public or political economy;household management, householdeconomy, housewifery.

Economize. Save, husband, retrench,manage frugally, be frugalor prudent, practice economy,avoid waste; develop resources,utilize.

Ant. Waste, misuse, sacrifice,be lavish, profuse, or extravagant;squander, dissipate.

Economy. Thrift, thriftiness,frugality, providence, good husbandry;management, arrangement,regulation, administration;plan, system, establishedorder, dispensation.

Ant. Prodigality, wastefulness,extravagance, lavishness.

Ecstasy. Transport, rapture, inspiration,fervor, frenzy, emotion,delight, enthusiasm, happiness.

Ant. Coolness, dulness, ennui,weariness, tedium, indifference.

Edge. Border, margin, brink,rim, brim, verge; sharpness,keenness, intensity, animation,zest.

Ant. Center, interior; dulness,bluntness, flatness; inertness,inactivity.

Edible. Eatable, esculent, wholesome,culinary.

Ant. Poisonous, deleterious,harmful, dangerous, noxious,uneatable.

Edict. Decree, command, order,proclamation, mandate, ordinance.

Ant. Hoax, canard; request,wish.

Edifice. Building, tenement, fabric,structure.

Ant. Ruin, heap, demolition,destruction.

Edify. Build up, enlighten, improve,stimulate, strengthen,nurture.

Ant. Defile, debase, mislead,misguide, pervert, corrupt.

Edit. Revise, correct, preparefor the press, annotate, emend;bring out; conduct, manage.

Ant. Distort, pervert, falsify,garble, mutilate.

Educate. Discipline, teach, instruct,train, nurture, breed, develop.

Ant. Dwarf, stunt, hinder;pervert, corrupt.

Education. Training, teaching,tuition, instruction, schooling,discipline, cultivation, breeding,development, nurture, information,knowledge, learning,reading, study.

Ant. Ignorance, illiteracy,nescience, blindness, darkness.

Educe. Draw out, extract, elicit,evolve, produce.

Ant. Adduce, cite, allege,quote, advance, name, mention;apply, insert, deposit, bestow.

Efface. Obliterate, erase, blotout, destroy, cancel, eradicate,expunge.

Ant. Restore, revive, delineate,imprint, portray, replace,reinstate, renew.

Effect, n. Result, consequence,event, issue; force, efficiency,validity, weight, power; purport,drift, tenor, meaning;fact, reality, truth; impression,appearance, ensemble; (pl.)chattels, goods, commodities,property, movables.

Ant. Cause, motive, source,incentive; origin.

Effect, v. Cause, produce, accomplish,change, achieve, create,execute, perform, realize, compass,effectuate, consummate,fulfil.

Ant. Obviate, frustrate, prevent,mar, hinder; deter, deflect.

90Effective. Adequate, competent,effectual, sufficient; potent, cogent,efficacious, forcible, energetic,powerful; active, efficient,operative; conducive; serviceable,able, talented.

Ant. Weak, futile, nugatory,inconducive, inoperative,inadequate, impotent, incompetent,powerless.

Effectuate. Accomplish, effect,execute, achieve, secure, fulfil.

Ant. Prevent, hinder, abolish,defeat, nullify, stifle, blight.

Effeminate. Feminine, womanly,delicate; womanish, feeble, unmanly,timorous, enervated,soft, weak, emasculated.

Ant. Strong, manly, masculine,virile, manlike, vigorous,hardy, robust.

Effervesce. Boil, bubble, froth,foam, ferment, sparkle; expressirrepressible emotion.

Ant. Subside; acquiesce, refrain,bear, brook, digest.

Effete. Barren, unfruitful; decayed,spent, exhausted, worn,wasted, decrepit.

Ant. Vigorous, fertile, prolific,productive, exuberant, luxuriant,rank.

Efficacious. Effectual, effective,active, operative, powerful, adequate,cogent.

Ant. Insufficient, inadequate,ineffectual.

Efficacy. Power, potency, force,competency, strength, effectiveness,vigor, energy, usefulness.

Ant. Inefficacy, incompetency.

Efficiency. Power, strength, capability,virtue, energy, usefulness,productiveness, effectiveness;attentiveness, aptitude,skill, ingenuity, competence, inventiveness,readiness, ingeniousness,faculty, cleverness, genius,acuteness.

Ant. Weakness, inability,incompetence, unproductivity;inattention, awkwardness, absenceof mind, thoughtlessness,preoccupation, distraction, laziness,stupidity.

Efficient. Operative, active, potent,efficacious, effective, effectual;able, skilled, ready, energetic,proficient, competent.

Ant. Inactive, impotent, ineffective,abortive; dull, inert,indolent, sluggish, senseless,stupid.

Effigy. Image, representation,figure, statue, likeness;dummy.

Ant. Caricature, misrepresentation,distortion; bust, portrait.

Efflorescence. Flowering, blooming,blossoming, budding; outburst;bloom, luxuriance.

Ant. Deflorescence, fading,waning, blasting, withering;nudity, bareness, denudation;absorption, desiccation.

Effluence. Emanation, flow, effusion,efflux; issue, outpouring;emission, discharge; abundance,overflow.

Ant. Influx, infusion, refluence,ebb; exhaustion; absorption,retention.

Effluvium. Exhalation, emanation,malaria, miasma, stink,noxious vapor.

Ant. Ventilation, scent, disinfectant;zephyr, aroma, balm.

Effort. Endeavor, attempt, trial,exertion, struggle, essay, strain,striving, stretch.

Ant. Failure, frustration,futility, weakness, deficiency,misadventure; ease, inactivity,spontaneity, facility.

Effrontery. Assurance, impudence,audacity, shamelessness,presumption, hardihood, boldness,brass; insolence, sauciness.

91Ant. Modesty, coyness, shyness,diffidence, sensitiveness,shrinking, timidity, bashfulness.

Effulgence. Brilliancy, splendor,luster, brightness, radiance,refulgence, glory, flame, luminosity,resplendence.

Ant. Darkness, tenebrosity,obscuration, gloom, opaqueness,shade.

Effuse, a. Profuse, poured forthfreely, lavish, prodigal, copious,abundant, effluent.

Ant. Dry, scanty, sparing,meager, thin.

Effusion. Outpouring, effluence,discharge, emission; abundance;speech, address, oration;waste, shedding, spilling.

Ant. Infusion, absorption;essay, reading, document, instrument;influx; retention.

Effusive. Lavish, generous, profuse,prodigal, gushing; spreadwidely, diffused.

Ant. Sparing; taciturn, laconic,curt, brief.

Egoism. Selfishness, self-assurance,self-conceit, self-consciousness,self-confidence, self-esteem,conceit, vanity, self-assertion,self-praise, self-admiration,self-love, self-exaltation.

Ant. Self-abnegation, deference,self-forgetfulness, diffidence,bashfulness, humility,modesty, self-distrust, shyness,unobtrusiveness, considerateness,unostentatiousness.

Egregious. Surpassing, extraordinary,remarkable, enormous,monstrous, outrageous,tremendous, prodigious, peculiar;flagrant, gross.

Ant. Ordinary, usual, commonplace,mediocre, everyday.

Egress. Exit, way out, departure,going out, outlet; sally.

Ant. Entrance, avenue, approach,inlet; inroad, incursion,invasion.

Either. One or the other oftwo; each, both.

Ant. Neither, not any oneof two.

Ejaculation. Exclamation, cry,utterance; expletive.

Ant. Silence, speechlessness,dumfounderment; drawl; oration,speech.

Eject. Cast out, emit, vomit,void, evacuate; expel, dismiss,discharge, oust; reject, banish,throw aside, cast away.

Ant. Retain, absorb; accept,receive, house, store, admit,accommodate, welcome; introduce,inject.

Eke out. Add to, supply, increase,stretch, raise, augment,help.

Ant. Stint, drain, withhold,diminish, exhaust.

Elaborate. Improve, refine, develop,mature, execute, forge,prepare, concoct, work upon, laborover.

Ant. Slight, neglect, disregard,overlook; miscontrive,mismanage; chance, hit, guess,conjecture, extemporize.

Elapse. Pass, slip, glide away,lapse; intervene.

Ant. Wait, abide, halt, hold;continue, endure; grasp, seize.

Elastic. Flexible, springy, resilient,extensile, ductile, buoyant;alterable, modifiable; rebounding,recoiling.

Ant. Rigid, tough, inflexible;crystallized, unchangeable;dull, inert.

Elated. Cheered, excited, exhilarated,animated, flushed, inspirited,inflated.

Ant. Depressed, dejected,discouraged, dispirited, humiliated,abashed, confounded.

Elder. Senior, older, more ancient,92earlier born; superior;precedent.

Ant. Younger, junior, juvenile.

Elect, a. Picked, selected, chosen,choice; appointed, delegated;redeemed, saved; élite,accepted.

Ant. Rejected, doomed, reprobate;abandoned, depraved.

Election. Selection, preference,choice; appointment by vote;alternative, free will, freedom,power to choose; discrimination,discernment, distinction;predestination.

Ant. Postponement; rejection,reprobation, abandonment.

Electric. Charged with electricity,relating to electricity; inspiring,inspiriting, stimulating;lightninglike, swift, flashing,thrilling, stirring, exciting.

Electrify. Charge with electricity,render electric; rouse, excite,thrill, stir, astonish, astound,amaze, appal.

Ant. “Kill” (of somethingcharged, from which the electricityis suddenly removed);disconnect, sever (of apparatusfor carrying electricity); stupefy,soothe, deaden, calm, mesmerize.

Elegance. Grace, beauty, propriety,symmetry; polish, politeness,refinement, gentility,gracefulness, taste.

Ant. Deformity, awkwardness,coarseness, rudeness, disproportion.

Elegant. Graceful, well-formed,symmetrical, lovely, handsome,comely, refined, tasteful, ornamental,accomplished, polished.

Ant. Awkward, deformed,ill-proportioned, misshapen, ungraceful,hideous, coarse, rude.

Elegy. Dirge, threnody, lament,jeremiad, requiem, coronach,funeral song; serious or melancholypoem.

Ant. Pæan, jubilee, halleluiah,anthem.

Element. Constituent, component,ingredient, part, principle,atom; (pl.) rudiments,outlines, essential parts.

Ant. Whole, mass, aggregate,total, totality, gross, sum,amount.

Elementary. Simple, uncompounded,rudimentary, primary;physical, material, natural;ultimate, component, constituent.

Ant. Compounded, collective,aggregate, developed, organized;immaterial, incorporeal,impalpable.

Elevate. Raise, lift up, exalt,promote, advance, aggrandize;improve, dignify, ennoble, refine,inspire, greaten; animate,elate, cheer, excite, exhilarate.

Ant. Lower, degrade, debase,depress, demean, humble,humiliate.

Elevation. Raising, elevating;promotion, aggrandizement, exaltation;dignity, refinement,improvement; amelioration;hill, height, altitude, superiority,eminence, loftiness, tallness.

Ant. Degradation, debasement,depression, decline, fall,depth; deterioration, inferiority;shortness, stuntedness.

Elicit. Draw out, evoke, educe,call forth, bring out, deduce,bring to light; express, extract,evolve, worm out, extort.